Prototheria

Question 1

How may orders are found within the Protheria ?

Answer 1

Only one- The Monotremes

Question 2

Give the development to Monotremes ?

Answer 2

Synapsids
Pelycosaurs
Therapsids 
Cycodonts
Australosphenidians
Monotremes

Question 3

They are the most primitive mammals alive today

True or False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which super continent where the early ancestors of Monotremes restricted to ?

Answer 4

Southern supercontinent Gondwana

Question 5

Why are they called Monotremes ?

Answer 5

‘One holed species’

Single hole for faeces, urine, gametes

Question 6

What is the name of the single hole in monotremes ?

Answer 6

Cloaca

Question 7

What reptilian features remain in the monotremes ?

Answer 7

They lay hard-shelled eggs and brood them.

Question 8

How do Monotreme infants suck milk ?

Answer 8

Lap tufts hair covering mammary glands

No Mammilae

Question 9

What is a Mammilae ?

Answer 9

A teat, Nipple. Enables milk delivery.

Question 10

Monotremes have teeth
Monotremes are venomous
True or false ?

Answer 10

False

True

Question 11

How many living species are there ?

Answer 11

5
Echindna (4)
Duck billed platypus

Question 12

How many families of Monotreme are there ?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What are echidna spines made from ?

Answer 13

They are modified hairs, fur is beneath spines.

Question 14

What is the diet of echidna ?

Answer 14

Invertebrates, ants, termites

Spines on roof of mouth and tongue enable digestion

Question 15

Describe the life cycle of echidna offspring

Answer 15

Short gestation
Eggs hatch after 10 days
young move to a pouch where they feed off milk for 6 months

Question 16

Give the 4 species of Ecidna

Answer 16

1 Short beaked- Australia

3 Long beaked- New guinea

Question 17

Give the name of critically endangered echidna

Answer 17

Zaglossus Attenboroughi

V localised habitat

Question 18

Give the adaption of platypus that enable them to hunt

Answer 18

Electrolocation,

Enables them to find benthic invertebrates as shut eyes when they dive.

Question 19

What is the role of the hind feet

Answer 19

They are partially webbed

Act as rudders

Question 20

What is the role of the front feet ?

Answer 20

They are fully webbed

Enable powerful swimming.

Question 21

What is the role of the tail ?

Answer 21

Fat storage

Question 22

Give the life cycle of the duck billed platypus’s offspring.

Answer 22

Usually have 2 eggs, placed in a burrow
Incubated for 10 days
No pouch
3-4 month lactation

Question 23

Give the key adaption of male platypus,

Answer 23

Spurs on the rear ankles
Connected to venom glands in the high.
Increase in size at mating time

Question 24

How many genes does the platypus have ?

Answer 24

18,500

Same number as humans

Question 25

What genes are found in the bill of the platypus ?

Answer 25

Olfactory receptor genes | smell

Question 26

Platypus's contain genes from birds, what are these for ?

Answer 26

Egg laying

Question 27

Describe the genes for the males venom glands.

Answer 27

Evolved from duplications in a group of genes, from ancestral reptiles. Duplication in the same genes has given the same venom glands in modern reptiles.