Choi Sample Exam

Question 1

List the correct sequence of the nephron segments from glomerulus to renal pelvis:

Answer 1

Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, papillary duct

Question 2

What has ascending and descending limbs loop of Henle mostly in the medulla

Answer 2

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 3

Renal artery branches into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries. True or false?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

One afferent arteriole feeds one glomerulus. True or false?

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries or vasa recta. true or false?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Both peritubular capillaries and vasa recta are located in the medulla. True or false?

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Cells that cover glomerular capillaries by their foot processes are:

Answer 7

podocytes

Question 8

Macula densa cells in JGA do not sense luminal salt concentration. True or false?

Answer 8

false, do

Question 9

• 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol)
• renin
• erythropoietin
• are all produced where?

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

Bulk reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. True or false?

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Foreign chemicals and organic ions such as neurotransmitter and bile salt are secreted . True or false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Fine-tuning reabsorption and secretion occur in the distal portion of the tubule. True or false?

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Autoregulation helps maintain a relatively constant GFR. True or false?

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Autoregulation is an extra-renal regulation requiring neural and hormonal inputs. True or false?

Answer 14

false

Question 15

Myogenic autoregulation involves stretch receptors in afferent arterioles

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Tubuloglomerular feedback regulation involves macula densa that senses luminal salt load

Answer 16

true

Question 17

The force favoring filtration of fluid from a capillary is:

Answer 17

glomerular capillary blood pressure (PGC)

Question 18

Creatinine clearance measures a cardiac output. True or false?

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Creatinine is freely filtered but not reabsorbed. True or false?

Answer 19

true

Question 20

A very small amount of creatinine is secreted to the lumen. True or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

. If substance S is filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed, then renal clearance of S will be:

Answer 21

larger than GFR

Question 22

• decreased plasma Na+ concentration lowers plasma volume and pressure
• renal sympathetic nerve activities are stimulated to constrict afferent arterioles
• arterial pressure directly reduces glomerular capillary pressure

leads to a decrease in plasma ___ concentration leads to a _______ in GFR because:

Answer 22

Na+

reduction

Question 23

. Renin converts angiotensinogen to

Answer 23

angiotensin I

Question 24

What stimulates:

• vasoconstriction to increase arterial pressure
• aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex to increase renal Na+ retention
• thirst center in the hypothalamus to increase water ingestion

Answer 24

Angiotensin II

Question 25

Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. True or false?

Answer 25

true

Question 26

ANP is secreted from podocytes in response to an extremely high blood pressure. True or false?

Answer 26

false

Question 27

High plasma osmolarity decreases ADH secretion from the pituitary to blood. True or false?

Answer 27

false

Question 28

ADH increases water permeability in the:

Answer 28

collecting duct

Question 29

Renal \_\_\_\_\_reabsorption * does not occur in the ascending limb and distal tubule * is affected by the medullary osmotic gradient * affects urine osmolarity

Answer 29

water

Question 30

Filtered fluids in the distal tubule is iso-osmotic because the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ and ______ \_\_\_\_\_ are not permeable to water

Answer 30

ascending limb distal tubule

Question 31

. If the medullary osmotic gradient fails, urine formation will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

increase

Question 32

Filtered urea is completely excreted. True or false?

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Na/H exchangers and other Na+-coupled transporters contribute to Na+ reabsorption. True or false?

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Loop diuretics induce a large water loss because these drugs disrupt the ________ osmotic gradient

Answer 34

medullary

Question 35

Thiazide inhibits

Answer 35

Na/Cl cotransporter

Question 36

. K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule occurs via the\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway.

Answer 36

paracellular

Question 37

K+ secretion in the collecting duct is the main determinant for K+ excretion in urine. True or false?

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Ca2+ is secreted in the collecting tubule. True or false?

Answer 38

false

Question 39

What stimulates: Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney Ca2+ absorption in the intestine Ca2+ resorption in the bone

Answer 39

parathyroid hormone

Question 40

Phosphate reabsorption depends on Ca2+ homeostasis True or false?

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Kidneys not only reabsorb filtered HCO3- but also produce new HCO3- . True or false?

Answer 41

true

Question 42

H+ excretion is normally tied to HCO3- retention. True or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

The majority of filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule . True or false?

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Which of the following acids is a titratable acid in urine? A) phosphoric acid B) carbonic acid C) ammonium D) All of the above

Answer 44

phosphoric acid

Question 45

If plasma pH is lower than normal, urine pH is also lowered because kidneys excrete:

Answer 45

NH4+

Question 46

Kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis by _____ HCO3 \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

increasing reabsorption