Cholesterol Synthesis

Question 1

__% of cholesterol synthesis happens in the liver

Answer 1

20

Question 2

What are the other three extrahepatic sites of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 2

intestine, adrenal cortex, reproductive tissues

Question 3

How much cholesterol do we produce each day? (absorption and synthesis)

Answer 3

1000 mg

Question 4

Chilomicron remants are sent to the liver and converted to 1) ___ ___ 2) secreted into bile as a ___ ___ 3) incorporated into ___ and ___ and released into blood

Answer 4

bile salts, neutral sterol, VLDL HDL

Question 5

Free cholesterol is an essential component of ___ _____

Answer 5

cell membranes

Question 6

T/F: Esterified Cholesterol is located in cell membranes

Answer 6

FALSE

Question 7

Excess cholesterol can cause ___ and ___

Answer 7

gallstones, atherosclerosis

Question 8

Cholesterol synthesis is located where?

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

What are the ingredients for cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 9

Acetyle CoA (carbon), NADPH, ATP, Molecular Oxygen

Question 10

Rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

Answer 10

HMG CoA reductase

Question 11

What type of drug is a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase?

Answer 11

statins

Question 12

What is the product of HMG CoA reductase? AKA what is the first unique compound of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 12

mevalonate (mevalonic acid)

Question 13

Sterol dependent HMG CoA reductase is inhibited by high levels of ___

Answer 13

cholesterol

Question 14

Sterol INdependent AMP-activated protein kinase is inhibited by ___ and ___

Answer 14

glucagon, epinephrine

Question 15

Sterol INdependent AMP-activated protein kinase is stimulated by ___ and ____

Answer 15

insulin, thyroxine

Question 16

Primary bile salts are made in the ___

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

Secondary bile salts are made in the ___

Answer 17

intestine

Question 18

All bile salts end in ____ ___ or ____

Answer 18

cholic acid, blank

Question 19

What is the precursor for all steroid hormones?

Answer 19

pregnenolone

Question 20

T/F: cholesterol is not energy producing, it is ENERGY REQUIRING

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

T/F: sterol ring structure remains intact in bile

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Cholesterol summary pathway: LONGGG BUT SIMPLEEE

Answer 22

1) Eat carbs
2) muscle and liver are full of glycogen/energy
3) glucokinase pushes glycolysis forward
4) krebs cycle begins
5) citrate spills into cytosol
6) citrate lyase produces Acetyl-CoA in cytosol
7) make fat and cholesterol

Question 23

Complete list of cholesterol synthesis stimulators: (5)

Answer 23

1) increased ATP
2) NADPH
3) insuline/thyroxine
4) glucose/fructose
5) decreased cholesterol

Question 24

Complete list of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors: (6)

Answer 24

1) ADP, AMP
2) AMP kinase
3) NADP
4) Glucagon/epinephrine
5) increased cholesterol
6) statins