Glycogenesis

Question 1

What is faster when energy is needed: glycogenolysis or GNG?

Answer 1

glycogenolysis

Question 2

Storage form and of carbs in animals

Answer 2

glycogen granule

Question 3

Primary storage sites of glycogen are ___ and ___ ___

Answer 3

liver, skeletal muscle

Question 4

Glycogen chains are bonded with with ____

Answer 4

a(1-4)

Question 5

Glycogen branches are bonded with____ and they happen every ___ links

Answer 5

a(1-6), 10

Question 6

Maximum size for a glycogen granule is ____ glucose molecules

Answer 6

55,000

Question 7

Muscle has ___g of glucose for fuel, liver has ____g of glucose for blood glucose

Answer 7

400, 100

Question 8

T/F: Muscle can release glucose back into the blood

Answer 8

FALSE

Question 9

Glycogenesis is initiated by:

Answer 9

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 10

What is the protein that starts glycogenesis if there is no glycogen fragment? What is the amino acid that accompanies that protein? How about what enzyme?

Answer 10

Glycogenin, Tyrosine, Glycogen Initiator Synthase

Question 11

What are the three energy molecules used to synthesize glycogen?

Answer 11

ATP, UTP, pyrophosphatase

Question 12

What is the enzyme that adds more a(1-4) bonds to the glycogen chain?

Answer 12

glycogen synthase

Question 13

What is the enzyme that adds a(1-6) bonds (branches) to the glycogen chain?

Answer 13

glycosyl-(4:6)-transferase

Question 14

What is the key enzyme in glycogen synthesis?

Answer 14

glycogen synthase

Question 15

Allosteric regulation of glycogenesis is activated by ____

Answer 15

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 16

AMP kinase regulation of glycogenesis by___, ___, and ____

Answer 16

glucagon (ONLY IN THE LIVER), epinephrine (liver/muscle), norepinephrine (liver/muscle)

Question 17

What is the primary site of fructose disposal?

Answer 17

liver

Question 18

Low-dose fructose causes a ____-fold increase in new liver glycogen synthesis

Answer 18

three

Question 19

fructose has no benefit in ___ glycogen synthesis

Answer 19

muscle

Question 20

Exercise increases GLUT-_ translcation and _____ glycogen synthesis and _____ insulin sensitivity.

Answer 20

4, stimulates, increases

Question 21

T/F: one workout can decrease muscle glycogen

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Rapid phase post-exercise glycogen synthesis is insulin _____.

Answer 22

independent. rapid happens if carbs are provided immediately after exercise

Question 23

Slow phase post-exercise glycogen synthesis is insulin ____

Answer 23

dependent.

Question 24

The window for gains is ___ post-exercise. glycogen synthesis rates may be __% lower when you miss the gains window

Answer 24

2 hours, 45%

Question 25

Increased carb intake increases glycogen storage, to a point: diminished returns after ___ kcal of glucose

Answer 25

500

Question 26

glycogen storage disease in the liver causes___, in the muscle ____

Answer 26

hypoglycemia, weakness

Question 27

Most common Glycogen storage disease is type _

Answer 27

1, aka von gierke's disease

Question 28

What enzyme turns glycogen to glu-1-phos?

Answer 28

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 29

What stimulates glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 29

1) Low ATP 2) high ADP, AMP 3) low glucose 4) glucagon 5) muscle contraction