Cholinergic Agents

Question 1

parasympathetic direct agonist activates what

Answer 1

cholinoreceptors

Question 2

parasympathetic indirect agonist stimulate the release of what

Answer 2

acetylcholine

Question 3

parasympathetic indirect agonists inhibit what

Answer 3

acetylcholinesterase

Question 4

Acetylcholine Biosynthesis & Neurotransmission

how is choline transported into the presynaptic nerve terminal?

Answer 4

by a sodium-dependent choline transporter (CHT)

Question 5

Acetylcholine Biosynthesis & Neurotransmission

what transporter can be inhibited by hemicholinium

Answer 5

sodium-dependent choline transporter (CHT)

Question 6

Acetylcholine Biosynthesis & Neurotransmission

what enzyme synthesizes choline and acetyl-coa into acetylcholine

Answer 6

choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

Question 7

cholinergic agonists are mostly (muscarinic/nicotinic)

Answer 7

muscarinic

Question 8

what is special about quaternary amines

Answer 8

positive charge

Question 9

State which receptor affects the following:
Bradycardia

Answer 9

M2, binds in the heart

Question 10

State which receptor affects the following:
Nausea, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea

Answer 10

M3: bronchiolar smooth muscle

Question 11

State which receptor affects the following:
visual disturbances

Answer 11

M1

Question 12

T/F: Charged Muscarine has easy access into the BBB

Answer 12

F

Question 13

what are the two main classes of direct acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 13

choline esters, alkaloids

Question 14

what are the four direct acting choline esters

Answer 14

ACh, methacholine, carbachol, bethanechol

Question 15

what are the two direct acting alkaloids

Answer 15

muscarine, pilocarpine

Question 16

what are the 3 reversible indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 16

edrophonium, physostigmine, neostigmine

Question 17

what is the irreversible indirect-acting cholinergic agonist

Answer 17

organophosphates

Question 18

another name for direct acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 18

muscarine receptor agonists

Question 19

another name for indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

Answer 19

AChE inhibitors

Question 20

what is the effect of M2 activation on the heart

Answer 20

Decrease in heart rate, (bradycardia)

Question 21

what is the effect of M3 activation on exocrine glands

Answer 21

increase in secretion

Question 22

what is the effect of M3 activation on smooth muscles

Answer 22

increase in contraction

Question 23

what is the effect of M3 on sphincters

Answer 23

relaxation

Question 24

CNS effects are mainly mediated by which muscarinic receptor

Answer 24

M1

Question 25

T/F Carbachol (a direct acting cholinoceptor agonist) is resistant AChE

Answer 25

True

Question 26

other name for pilocarbine

Answer 26

isoptocarpine

Question 27

pilocarbine is used for the treatment of what

Answer 27

glaucoma

Question 28

T/F Pilocarbine cannot cross the BBB

Answer 28

F

Question 29

what receptor does pilocarpine target and is it an agonist or antagonist

Answer 29

M3, agonist

Question 30

what receptor does brimonidine target and is it an agonist or antagonist

Answer 30

alpha2, agonist

Question 31

what receptor does timolol target and is it an agonist or antagonist

Answer 31

NE-beta, antagonist

Question 32

what is classified as increased intraocular pressure

Answer 32

glaucoma

Question 33

carbachol binds with which receptor(s)

Answer 33

muscarinic, nicotinic

Question 34

pilocarpine binds with which receptor(s)

Answer 34

muscarinic

Question 35

bethanechol binds with which receptor(s)

Answer 35

muscarinic

Question 36

varenicline binds with which receptor(s)

Answer 36

nicotinic

Question 37

which drug is used for the following clinical use: Intraocular use for miosis during surgery

Answer 37

acetylcholine

Question 38

which drug is used for the following clinical use: intraocular use for miosis during surgery, glaucoma

Answer 38

carbachol

Question 39

which drug is used for the following clinical use: glaucoma

Answer 39

pilocarpine

Question 40

which drug is used for the following clinical use: urinary retention, post operative ileus

Answer 40

bethanechol

Question 41

which drug is used for the following clinical use: smoking cessation

Answer 41

varenicline

Question 42

which of the following drugs has cholinesterase sensitivity? a. acetylcholine b. carbachol c. pilocarpine d. bethanechol e. varenicline

Answer 42

a. acetylcholine

Question 43

M2 effect on cardiovascular

Answer 43

fall in blood pressure and heart rate

Question 44

M3 effect on gastrointestinal

Answer 44

smooth muscle contraction/ sphincter relax

Question 45

M3 effect on bladder

Answer 45

smooth muscle contraction/ sphincter relax

Question 46

M3 effect on eye

Answer 46

miosis

Question 47

M3 effect on sweating

Answer 47

increase

Question 48

match the drug with the clinical use: open-angle glaucoma; dry mouth due to hypofunction of salivary glands e.g. Sjogren's or cancer radiotherapy a. pilocarpine b. bethanechol c. methacholine d. carbachol

Answer 48

pilocarpine

Question 49

match the drug with the clinical use: GI stimulation or treatment of urinary retention a. pilocarpine b. bethanechol c. methacholine d. carbachol

Answer 49

bethanechol

Question 50

match the drug with the clinical use: provocative test for hyperactive airways a. pilocarpine b. bethanechol c. methacholine d. carbachol

Answer 50

methacholine

Question 51

match the drug with the clinical use: ocular (surgery, glaucoma) a. pilocarpine b. bethanechol c. methacholine d. carbachol

Answer 51

carbachol

Question 52

which cholinoreceptor is found at the skeletal muscle endplate

Answer 52

Nm

Question 53

Which cholinoreceptor is found in autonomic ganglia

Answer 53

NN

Question 54

which cholinoreceptor is found in the brain

Answer 54

NN

Question 55

what does dibasic mean

Answer 55

2 nitrogens

Question 56

effects of nicotine in low doses

Answer 56

stimulate reticular activating system (alerting) and dopamine release (addictive)

Question 57

effects of nicotine in higher doses

Answer 57

CV effects (hypertension, tachycardia)

Question 58

effects of nicotine in toxic doses

Answer 58

seizures, loss of receptor selectivity, neuromuscular blockade

Question 59

what drug is often prescribed for intervention of nicotine dependence

Answer 59

Varenicline (chantix)

Question 60

mechanism of chantix

Answer 60

an α4β2 neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist that binds in the central nervous system

Question 61

what is the half life of varenicline (chantix) and how does it get excreted?

Answer 61

24 hours, urine

Question 62

what are the adverse effects of varenicline (chantix)

Answer 62

nausea, headache, abnormal dreams, constipation, vomiting

Question 63

what are the four forms of nicotine replacement therapy

Answer 63

Nicotrol inhaler, nicotrol nasal spray, nicorette gum, nicoderm transdermal patch

Question 64

what disease states are a hypofunction of salivary glands

Answer 64

xerostomia and Sjogren's syndrome