chp 1 routing concepts

Question 1

network characteristics

Answer 1

• topology
• speed
• cost
• security
• availability
• scalability
• reliability

Question 2

router job

Answer 2

-routing traffic between networks

Question 3

router components

Answer 3

• cpu
• memory and storage
• operating system

Question 4

router memory

Answer 4

• ram (random access)
• rom (read only)
• nvram (non-volatile random access)
• flash

Question 5

random access memory (ram)

Answer 5

• volatile
• runs ios
• running config
• ip routing and arp tables
• packet buffer

Question 6

read only memory (rom)

Answer 6

• non volatile
• bootup instructions
• diagnostic software
• back up ios

Question 7

non volatile random access memory (nvram)

Answer 7

• start up config

- non volatile

Question 8

flash

Answer 8

• non volatile
• stores ios
• system related files

Question 9

packet forwarding methods

Answer 9

• process switching
• fast switching
• cisco express forwarding (cef)

Question 10

process switching

Answer 10

• every packet is processed by the cpu
• destination ip address
• route table entry
• exit interface

Question 11

fast switching

Answer 11

• next hop is stored in cache
• first packet is processed by cpu
• other packets with the same destination are sent to cache not cpu

Question 12

cisco express forwarding (cef)

Answer 12

• fastest
• packets are change triggered
• forward information base (fib) and adjacency table forward packets
• fib and adjacency table populated when routers learn of other routers

Question 13

to have network access devices must have

Answer 13

• ip adress
• subnet mask
• default gateway

Question 14

network documentation should include

Answer 14

• topology diagram

- addressing table

Question 15

svi

Answer 15

• switch virtual interface

- used for management ip address

Question 16

basic router settings

Answer 16

• name the device
• secure management access
• configure a banner
• save configuration

Question 17

router interface must have

Answer 17

• ip address
• subnet mask
• not shutdown
• clock rate configured on serial cable end labeled dce

Question 18

loopback interfaces

Answer 18

• logical
• internal to router
• not physical port
• automatically up
• useful for testing
• important to ospf routing

Question 19

show commands

Answer 19

• verify operation

- configuration of interface

Question 20

filter show commands

Answer 20

• | pipe character

- followed by perameter

Question 21

packet forwarding process for directly connected interface

Answer 21

• arrives at interface
• searches routing table for match
• does destination ip match subnet of directly connected interface
• check arp cache and forward to host on local subnet

Question 22

packet forwarding process for remote network and gateway of last resort

Answer 22

• arrives at interface
• searches routing table for match
• does destination ip match subnet of remote network/gateway of last resort
• encapsulate frame and forward out of exit interface to the next hop

Question 23

best path

Answer 23

• chosen by routing protocol

- based on metric used to determine distance to reach a network

Question 24

ipv4 dynamic routing protocols

Answer 24

• router information protocol (rip)
• open shortest path first (ospf)
• enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (eigrp)
• intermediate system to intermediate system (is-is)

Question 25

rip metric

Answer 25

-hop count

Question 26

ospf metric

Answer 26

-cumulative bandwidth

Question 27

eigrp metric

Answer 27

- bandwidth - delay - load - reliability

Question 28

load balancing

Answer 28

- when a router has two or more path whose metrics are equal - router forwards packets using both paths - improves performance

Question 29

administrative distance

Answer 29

- router value for best path - 0 and up - router with multiple paths to the same destination the path with lowest administrative distance is installed in routing table

Question 30

routing table

Answer 30

- stored in ram - directly connected routes - remote routes

Question 31

types of routes

Answer 31

- local route interfaces - directly connected interfaces - static routes - dynamic routes

Question 32

static routes

Answer 32

- configured manually - define explicit path between two devices - manually updated - improved security - improved control of resources

Question 33

dynamic routing

Answer 33

- routers exchange info - automatically populate routing tables - creates converged network

Question 34

ipv6 dynamic routing protocols

Answer 34

- ospfv3 - ripng (next generation) - eigrp for ipv6