CHP 11 HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Question 1

Health psychology

Answer 1

the application of psychological priniciples to promote health and well-being

Question 2

Well-being

Answer 2

a positive state that includes striving for optimal health and life satisfaction

Question 3

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 3

model of health that combines the effect of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness

Question 4

top 5 causes of mortality

Answer 4

1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. lung disease
4. stroke
5. accidents
   ALL CAUSED BY BEHAVIOR

Question 5

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 5

a ratio of body weight to height, used to measure obesity

asserts INCORRECTLY that the more obese people get, the higher the risk of death

Question 6

2 issues with BMI

Answer 6

doesn’t take age, bone structure, sex, or body fat distribution into account

a clear relationship between BMI and health outcomes doesn’t exist except for the very obese

Question 7

Body Shape Index (BSI)

Answer 7

takes into account the amount of one’s abdominal fat

BETTER MEASURE RELATED TO HEALTH

Question 8

2 facts of overating in the US

Answer 8

large portion sizes, large variety of unhealthy foods

Question 9

Social influences of body weight

Answer 9

friend group may influence body weight (friends agree implicitly what weight/behaviors are acceptable)

Question 10

Genetic influence of obesity

Answer 10

obesity tends to run in families, some genes predispose to obesity

Question 11

Benefits of exercise

Answer 11

builds self-confidence, helps in coping with stress, enhances the growth of new neurons and production of synaptic connections

Question 12

Stress

Answer 12

a type of response that usually has an unpleasant state like anxiety or tension

Question 13

Stressor

Answer 13

something in the environment that’s seen as threatening or demanding and produces stress

Question 14

Coping response

Answer 14

attempt to avoid, escape from, or minimize a stressor

Question 15

Eustress

Answer 15

stress of positive events

Question 16

Distress

Answer 16

stress of negative events

Question 17

Major life stressors

Answer 17

changes/disruptions that cause stress in central areas of life (having a baby)

Question 18

Daily hassles

Answer 18

small, day-to-day moments of stress and annoyances

Question 19

Student stress scale

Answer 19

300+ life change units=high risk for serious health change
150-299 units=50% are likely to have serious health change
<150 units=33% are likely to have serious health change

Question 20

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

Answer 20

a body system involved in stress response by helping the body prepare to respond to the stressor

Question 21

Physiological effects of stress

Answer 21

affects organs after the stressor has been removed
childhood stress can lead to psychological disorders
excessive stress disrupts working + long-term memory

Question 22

Sympathetic division of the nervous system

Answer 22

prepares the body for action

Question 23

Parasympathetic system of the nervous system

Answer 23

returns the body to a resting state

Question 24

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 24

a consistent pattern of response to stress that consists of 3 parts:
1. Alarm stage
2. Resistance stage
3. Exhaustion stage

Question 25

Alarm stage

Answer 25

first stage of general adaptation syndrome; an emergency reaction that prepares the body to fight or flee

Question 26

Resistance stage

Answer 26

second stage of the general adaptation syndrome; when the body prepares for longer, sustained defense from the stressor

Question 27

Exhaustion stage

Answer 27

3rd stage of general adaptation syndrome; when various physiological and immune systems fail

Question 28

Men's response to stressors

Answer 28

fight-or-flight: norepinephrine in the nervous system, epinephrine (adrenaline) and cortisol in the body

Question 29

Women's response to stressors

Answer 29

Tend-and-befriend response: protect young and form social alliances rather than fight/flee

Question 30

Oxytocin

Answer 30

a hormone that's important for moms in bonding to newborns and may encourage affiliation during social stress

Question 31

Stress affects the immune system

Answer 31

chronic stress decreases the ability of lymphocytes (white blood cells in the immune system) to fight off infection

Question 32

3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 32

b cells: produce antibodies that label foreign things as attackers t cells: increases immune response and attacks intruders natural killer cells: target viruses and tumors

Question 33

Stress and heart health

Answer 33

stress can cause heart problems in 3 ways: 1. stress coping behaviors are bad for health (smoking) 2. personality traits have negative social effects so the perosn doesn't have social networks to deal with stress 3. negative personality traits and stress can have direct physiological effects on the heart chronic stress causes overstimulation in the sympathetic nervous system which causes high blood pressure, elevated cortisol levels, buildup of fatty acids and plaque

Question 34

Type A Personalities

Answer 34

competitive, achievement-oriented, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, inability to relax

Question 35

Type B Personality

Answer 35

noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, accomodating behavior

Question 36

Coping categories

Answer 36

Emotion-focused coping Problem-focused coping

Question 37

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 37

Trying to prevent an emotional response stressor. Typically SHORT TERM and less effective overall but can help when stress is extremely high

Question 38

Problem-focused coping

Answer 38

Taking direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor. MOST EFFECTIVE, but harder as stress gets higher

Question 39

Health benefits of positivity

Answer 39

higher levels of hope and curiosity reduce risk of disease, benefits the immune system

Question 40

Positive psychology

Answer 40

movement that emphasizes the strengths and virtues that help people thrive. its aim is to understand psychological well-being

Question 41

Buffering hypothesis

Answer 41

outside emotional support helps the recipient to better cope with stressful events