Chp 13-16

Question 1

What are good body mechanics?

Answer 1

The way you bend, lift, push, pull, and stoop to prevent injuries.

Question 2

What are the ABCs of good body mechanics?

Answer 2

A - Alignment, B - Balance, C - Coordination.

Question 3

Why is good body alignment important?

Answer 3

It prevents strain, reduces the risk of injury, and promotes proper posture.

Question 4

What should you do if you see a damaged electrical appliance?

Answer 4

Remove it from use and report it immediately.

Question 5

What is an SDS (Safety Data Sheet)?

Answer 5

A document that communicates chemical safety information to employees.

Question 6

What three things are needed to start a fire?

Answer 6

Heat, fuel, and oxygen.

Question 7

What does the RACE acronym stand for?

Answer 7

Remove patients, Activate alarm, Contain the fire, Extinguish/Evacuate.

Question 8

What does PASS stand for when using a fire extinguisher?

Answer 8

Pull pin, Aim at base, Squeeze handle, Sweep side to side.

Question 9

What type of fire extinguisher is the most common?

Answer 9

ABC fire extinguisher (works on all types of fires).

Question 10

What is the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in the U.S.?

Answer 10

Falls.

Question 11

How do hospitals assess fall risk?

Answer 11

They evaluate new patients for risk factors.

Question 12

Why should you lower the bed after providing care?

Answer 12

To prevent falls.

Question 13

What are physical restraints?

Answer 13

Devices that restrict movement (e.g., vests, mitts, side rails).

Question 14

What are chemical restraints?

Answer 14

Medications that sedate a patient.

Question 15

How often must a patient in restraints be checked?

Answer 15

Every 15 minutes.

Question 16

How often must restraints be removed?

Answer 16

Every 2 hours for at least 10 minutes.

Question 17

Why should restraints be avoided if possible?

Answer 17

They increase the risk of injury and death.

Question 18

List basic patient positions.

Answer 18

• Supine – Lying on back
• Fowler’s – Sitting at 45-60°
• High Fowler’s – Sitting at 60-90°
• Semi-Fowler’s – Sitting at 30-45°
• Lateral – Side-lying
• Prone – Lying on stomach
• Sims’ – Extreme side-lying
• Sitting – Sitting upright

Question 19

What are pressure ulcers?

Answer 19

Bed sores caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.

Question 20

How can friction and shearing injuries be prevented?

Answer 20

By rolling or lifting instead of dragging a patient.

Question 21

What is logrolling?

Answer 21

A method used to turn a patient while keeping their spine aligned.

Question 22

How often should patients be repositioned?

Answer 22

At least every 2 hours.

Question 23

What does weight-bearing mean?

Answer 23

A person’s ability to stand on one or both legs.

Question 24

What is a gait belt?

Answer 24

A transfer belt used to assist with walking or transferring.

Question 25

Why is “dangling” important before standing a patient?

Answer 25

It prevents dizziness and falls.

Question 26

What assistive devices help with walking?

Answer 26

* Walkers * Canes * Crutches

Question 27

When transferring a patient, which side should they lead with?

Answer 27

Their strong side.

Question 28

When should mechanical lifts be used?

Answer 28

For patients who are very heavy or unable to assist in transfers.

Question 29

What are the steps to handle an emergency?

Answer 29

* Recognize the emergency * Decide to act * Check for consciousness * Activate emergency response * Provide care * Record the care given

Question 30

What is Basic Life Support (BLS)?

Answer 30

Techniques to prevent respiratory or cardiac arrest (CPR, AED, rescue breathing).

Question 31

What does CAB stand for in BLS?

Answer 31

Compressions, Airway, Breathing.

Question 32

What is a heart attack?

Answer 32

When blood flow to the heart is blocked.

Question 33

What is a stroke?

Answer 33

When blood flow to the brain is blocked or a vessel ruptures.

Question 34

How can you spot a stroke? (FAST acronym)

Answer 34

* Face drooping * Arm weakness * Speech difficulty * Time to call 911

Question 35

What should you do if someone faints?

Answer 35

Lay them down and elevate their legs.

Question 36

How do you assist someone having a seizure?

Answer 36

Protect their head, turn them on their side, and do not restrain them.

Question 37

What is hemorrhage?

Answer 37

Severe, uncontrolled bleeding.

Question 38

What should you do to control bleeding?

Answer 38

* Apply direct pressure * Elevate the limb * Use a pressure point if needed

Question 39

What are the four types of shock?

Answer 39

* Hypovolemic – From blood loss * Cardiogenic – From heart failure * Neurogenic – From spinal injury * Anaphylactic – Severe allergic reaction (treated with epinephrine).

Question 40

What are signs of shock?

Answer 40

* Cold, pale skin * Rapid pulse * Confusion * Shallow breathing

Question 41

What should you do for a partial airway obstruction with good air exchange?

Answer 41

Encourage the person to keep coughing.

Question 42

What should you do for a partial airway obstruction with poor air exchange?

Answer 42

Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).

Question 43

What should you do for a complete airway obstruction?

Answer 43

Perform abdominal thrusts immediately.

Question 44

What is aspiration?

Answer 44

When foreign material enters the airway, increasing the risk of choking.

Question 45

What is the chain of survival?

Answer 45

* Recognize emergency * Call 911 * Provide immediate first aid * Advanced medical care * Hospital treatment * Rehabilitation