CHP 9-12 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is dementia?
Dementia is a decline in cognitive function that affects daily living activities.
What is delirium?
Delirium is a sudden change in mental status, often temporary and reversible.
What are the 4 main types of dementia?
The 4 main types of dementia include Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
What are the 4 A’s of dementia?
The 4 A’s of dementia are Amnesia (memory loss), Aphasia (difficulty communicating), Agnosia (difficulty recognizing sensory input), and Apraxia (difficulty coordinating tasks).
What is validation therapy?
Validation therapy is a technique used to communicate with people with dementia by acknowledging their feelings and experiences.
What are common behaviors of people with dementia?
Common behaviors include wandering, pacing, repetition, rummaging, delusions and hallucinations, agitation, catastrophic reactions, sundowning, and inappropriate sexual behaviors.
What should you do if a person’s behavior changes?
A change in a person’s behavior may indicate they are trying to communicate something important.
What are guidelines for caring for a person with dementia?
Speak clearly and calmly, remind them of steps, use hand gestures, plan in advance, and maintain a regular schedule.
What should you do if you feel overwhelmed while caring for someone with dementia?
Take a deep breath, remind yourself they are not responsible for their actions, ensure their safety, and seek help if needed.
What is a microbe?
A microbe is a living organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye, found in various environments.
What are the types of microbes?
Microbes can be non-pathogens (harmless) or pathogens (harmful), including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
What is the most common cause of infection in healthcare settings?
Bacteria are the most common cause of infection in healthcare settings.
How can bacterial infections be treated?
Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, with penicillin being the first antibiotic.
What are MDROs?
MDROs (Multi-drug resistant organisms) are resistant to one or more classes of antibiotics.
What is Clostridium difficile (C. diff)?
C. diff is a major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea, easily spread and can make residents very sick.
What is the chain of infection?
The chain of infection includes pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
What is indirect transmission?
Indirect transmission occurs when an infected person touches surfaces that others may later touch.
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Bloodborne pathogens are disease-producing microbes transmitted through blood or body fluids, such as Hep B, Hep C, and HIV.
What are standard precautions?
Standard precautions are measures taken with every patient to protect against pathogens that can be transmitted through blood and body substances.
What are airborne pathogens?
Airborne pathogens are microbes transmitted through the air, remaining suspended for long periods.
What is droplet transmission?
Droplet transmission involves pathogens present in larger drops of saliva that usually do not remain active after drying.
What are healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
HAIs are infections acquired in a healthcare facility.
What is infection control?
Infection control includes practices to decrease the chance of infection spreading in healthcare facilities.
What is medical asepsis?
Medical asepsis involves removing or killing pathogens through methods like soap, water, and disinfectants.
