Chp 17 Pharynx

Question 0

Where is the pharynx located?

Answer 0

Posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx (pg. 90)

Question 1

The pharynx is part of which two body systems?

Answer 1

digestive and respiratory

Question 2

The pharynx is how long and extends from which anatomical landmarks?

Answer 2

• 12cm

- Extending from base of skull inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage below, which lies at C6 (pg. 90)

Question 3

What other structure nearby is the pharynx continuous with?

Answer 3

The esophagus (pg. 90)

Question 4

The pharynx is what shape? It is (Blank1) at the base of skull and (Blank 2) at its termination in the esophagus.

Answer 4

• funnel shaped
  1. Widest
  2. narrowest (pg. 90)

Question 5

Because of the pharynx openings which 7 cavities is it continuous with?

Answer 5

• 2 nasal cavities
• 2 tympanic cavities
• Oral cavity
• Larynx
• Esophagus (pg. 90)

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx and describe its location?

Answer 6

1. Nasopharynx- posterior to the nasal cavity
2. Oropharynx- Posterior to the oral cavity
3. Laryngopharynx- Behind the larynx (pg. 90)

Question 7

The nasopharynx is open to the nasal cavity at which structure?

Answer 7

The choanae (pg. 91)

Question 8

What is the choanae?

Answer 8

A bony aperture located at the junction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx (pg. 91)

Question 9

The roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx form a continuous sloping surface that lies under which structures?

Answer 9

the body of the sphenoid and basilar part (Clivus) of occipital bone (pg. 91)

Question 10

A mass of lymphoid tissue is embedded in the mucous membrane in the nasopharynx called what? 2 Names?

Answer 10

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) (pg. 91)

Question 11

If the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids become enlarged the may cause what?

Answer 11

Respiratory obstruction (pg. 91)

Question 12

What structure is found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and can be found 1.5cm posterior to the inferior nasal conchae?

Answer 12

the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (pg. 91)

Question 13

The auditory tube is how long? And connects which cavities?

Answer 13

• 3.5cm long

- Connects the tympanic cavity of the middle ear with the nasopharynx (pg. 91)

Question 14

What are the other 2 names for the auditory tube?

Answer 14

Eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube (pg. 91)

Question 15

The medial 2/3 of the auditory tube (Eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube) is (Blank 1) in anatomical location compared to the lateral 1/3?

Answer 15

anterior (pg. 91)

Question 16

The lateral 1/3 of the auditory tube is (blank 1) in anatomical position compared to the medial 2/3?

Answer 16

Posterior (pg. 91)

Question 17

The medial 2/3 of the auditory tube that is related to the pharynx is composed of what?

Answer 17

elastic cartilage (pg. 91)

Question 18

The lateral 1/3 of the auditory tube that is related to the middle ear is made of what?

Answer 18

Bone (pg. 91)

Question 19

The cartilaginous part of the auditory tube usually remains open or closed?

Answer 19

closed (because it is made of elastic tissue) (pg. 91)

Question 20

When does the elastic cartilage of the auditory tube open and what can be heard?

Answer 20

• It opens during swallowing, yawning, and when pressure differences exist between the tympanic cavity and the atmospheric pressure.
• a small click is heard when it opens (ex. ear popping on airplane)(pg. 91)

Question 21

What causes the elastic cartilage to open in the medial 2/3 of the auditory tube?

Answer 21

It is unknown (pg. 91)

Question 22

Just superior to the auditory tube opening (Eustachian or pharynogtympanic tube) in the nasopharynx is a cartilage referred to as what?

Answer 22

torus tubarius (from latin torus= swelling) (pg. 91)

Question 23

What are the 3 mucous membrane folds that extend from the torus tubarius and describe their anatomical location?

Answer 23

1. Salpingopalatine fold- extends from the torus to the soft palate.
2. Salpingopharyngeal fold- extends from the torus to the lateral wall of the pharynx.
3. Torus levatorius- Located between the other two folds and extends from the mouth of the tube to the soft palate (pg. 91)

Question 24

Why do the mucous membranes from torus tubarius exist?

Answer 24

because of the presence of a muscle housed by the fold (pg. 91)

Question 25

The portion of the nasopharynx posterior to the torus is termed what?

Answer 25

pharyngeal recess (pg. 92)

Question 26

What can sometimes be found in the pharyngeal recess?

Answer 26

Lymphoid tissue- tubal tonsil (pg. 92)

Question 27

The nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx via (blank) that is bounded by the soft palate anteriorly and the wall of the pharynx posteriorly?

Answer 27

pharyngeal isthmus (pg. 92)

Question 28

What is the part of the pharynx posterior to the oral cavity?

Answer 28

Oropharynx (pg. 92)

Question 29

The oropharynx is continuous with the oral cavity via what structure?

Answer 29

oropharyngeal isthmus (pg. 92)

Question 30

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

Answer 30

1. Superiorly- soft palate 2. Inferiorly- Tongue 3. Laterally- The pillars of the fauces (pg. 92)

Question 31

What is the fold of mucous membranes extending from the palate to the side of the tongue? 2 names?

Answer 31

The anterior pillar of the fauces (palatoglossal arch)(pg. 92)

Question 32

The anterior pillar of fauces contains what muscle?

Answer 32

palatoglossus muscle (pg. 92)

Question 33

What structure in the oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the lateral side of the pharynx? 2 names?

Answer 33

the posterior pillar of the fauces (palatopharyngeal arch) (pg. 92)

Question 34

Between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch lies what?

Answer 34

the tonsillar bed which contain the palatine tonsils (pg. 92)

Question 35

What is the palatine tonsil?

Answer 35

A collection of lymphoid tissue under the mucous membrane of the oropharynx (pg. 92)

Question 36

What part of the pharynx extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus? 2 names?

Answer 36

Laryngopharynx or hypopharynx (pg. 92)

Question 37

In the laryngopharynx what structure lies on either side of the larynx in which food boluses enter into after being deviated laterally by the epiglottis after swallowing?

Answer 37

the piriform recess (food channels) (pg. 92)

Question 38

What nerve and artery course under the mucous membrane in each piriform recess?

Answer 38

- internal laryngeal nerve | - superior laryngeal artery (pg. 92)

Question 39

The wall of the pharynx consists of what 4 layers?

Answer 39

1. mucous membrane 2. Fibrous layer 3. muscular layer 4. fascial layer (pg. 92)

Question 40

The mucous membrane layer lining the internal surface of the pharynx is continuous with the mucous membranes lining what other nearby structures?

Answer 40

1. nasal cavity 2. oral cavity 3. larynx 4. lining of auditory tube (pg. 92)