CHP 19 BIRDS

Question 1

How are birds similar to reptiles?

Answer 1

Vertebrae of neck is similar
Same middle ear bone
Jaws are similar
Both secrete uric acid as waste
Eggs develop similarly
Nucleated red blood cells

Question 2

General Characteristics of Birds 1

Answer 2

Feathers
Paired limbs: 
Forelimbs: wings
Hindlimbs: scaled legs with clawed toes
Endothermic
Four-chambered heart

Question 3

General Characteristics of Birds 2

Answer 3

Bones: lightweight and hollow
Beak
Small lungs with 9 air sacs
Lay amniotic eggs

Question 4

birds have teeth

Answer 4

No teeth

Question 5

Syrinx:

Answer 5

creates bird song/calls

Question 6

do birds have a cloaca

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Diet is and produces what color

Answer 7

pink due to beta-carotene in crustaceans

Question 8

Carotenoids produce what color

Answer 8

Carotenoids: red, orange, yellow

Question 9

Melanin: produces what color

Answer 9

brown, black, grey

Question 10

Dyck Texture is and produces what color

Answer 10

: blue, green and metallic sheen

Texture scatters light wavelength

Question 11

Plumage

Answer 11

Arrangement and appearance of feathers on a bird’s body

Question 12

Five Functions of Feathers

Answer 12

Insulate and hold heat
Create wing and tail surfaces
Waterproof the body
Camouflage 
Species recognition

Question 13

Contour

Answer 13

Flight feathers
Attached to muscle
Body feathers

Question 14

Down

Answer 14

Trap air for insulation

Question 15

Semiplume feathers

Answer 15

Protection and insulations

Question 16

Filoplume

Answer 16

Attached to nerve endings

Send signals for placement of feathers for flight, preening, and insulation

Question 17

Preening

Answer 17

use of bill to hook breaks in contour feathers together

Apply oily secretions

Question 18

Anting

Answer 18

using insects that secrete formic acid

Question 19

Number in comparison to mammals and reptiles?

Answer 19

Fewer than mammal or reptile

Question 20

Keel

Answer 20

flattened sternum for muscle attachment

Question 21

Which muscle is the largest and used in downbeat of flight?

Answer 21

Pectoralis: largest of all; breast muscle for downstroke of flight

Question 22

Which muscles is used to raise the wing?

Answer 22

Supracoracoideus: Raises the wing

Question 23

What are the different types of flight?

Answer 23

Gliding
Soaring
Long periods of flight

Passive Soaring
Use thermals

Active Soaring
Require continuous wind

Flapping

Question 24

Which ones are used of over water? Over land?

Answer 24

Dynamic soaring flight over water

soaring flight over land

Question 25

Why Migrate

Answer 25

Change of seasons Food and water availability Breeding sites

Question 26

What do birds use to migrate (at night, day..)?

Answer 26

Day: use sight; go from landmark to landmark Sun’s orientation Night: Star navigation

Question 27

Why is the keel of a flightless bird smaller than a flying bird?

Answer 27

Either run or swim Smaller wing bone and reduced instead

Question 28

Birds Feeding strategy

Answer 28

Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Scavenger

Question 29

Describe the herbivore digestive tract

Answer 29

``` Complex digestive system Crop: storage Stomach: two parts Proventriculus: digestive juices Gizzard: grind food Intestines Cloaca ```

Question 30

Crop

Answer 30

: storage

Question 31

Stomach

Answer 31

: two parts

Question 32

Proventriculus

Answer 32

: digestive juices

Question 33

Gizzard

Answer 33

grind food

Question 34

What is the significance of birds have small lungs but 9 air sacs?

Answer 34

So Birds have a constant supply of air

Question 35

Syrinx does and used to

Answer 35

produces sound Used for mating Warnings Feeding

Question 36

do bird have a bladder

Answer 36

No urinary bladder | Uric acid

Question 37

Describe birds vision

Answer 37

Eyes do not move More abundant rods and cones Some birds see UV

Question 38

How many eyelids do they have? What are they used for?

Answer 38

Three Eyelids Top and bottom close during sleep Nictitating membrane: wipes eye horizontally protects eyes in dive

Question 39

Do birds have a pinna?

Answer 39

No pinna

Question 40

How many internal ear bones?

Answer 40

one

Question 41

Do birds smell? | Do birds taste?

Answer 41

Generally considered poor smell Exception in Kiwi and carnivorous birds Few taste buds Located at back of tongue

Question 42

How do birds ‘feel’ their environment around them?

Answer 42

Use filoplumes to sense the world

Question 43

How do birds reproduce?

Answer 43

Separate sexes | Mate with internal fertilization

Question 44

Do they take care of the young?

Answer 44

Young receive varied parental care until independent

Question 45

what are Brood parasites

Answer 45

Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young.

Question 46

Why are birds important?

Answer 46

Meat and eggs provide 15% of total animal protein Guano: best natural fertilizer Pests: damage fruit and grain crops pets

Question 47

What is the unique characteristic of birds?

Answer 47

feathers