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Chp 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

general pathology

A

a medical school subject dealing with general reactions of cells nd tissues to injury

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2
Q

systemic pathology

A

the study of how underlying mechanisms work out in various organ systems

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3
Q

anatomic pathology

A

a medical specialty focusing of diagnosing disease by its morphology

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4
Q

clinical pathology

A

medical specialty focusing on other aspects of the lab (hematology, clinical chemistry, blood banking, urinalysis)

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5
Q

disease

A

stuff on or under the skin that interferes with a persons ability to work, play, and love others

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6
Q

etiology

A

cause of a disease

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7
Q

intrinsic etiology

A

disease from inherited genetic mutation

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8
Q

extrinsic etiology

A

disease from cell injury

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9
Q

pathogenesis

A

the story of how a disease develops

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10
Q

morphology

A

a set of anatomic changes that one sees in disease

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11
Q

Becker’s nevus

A

skin on the trunk that is extra-sensitive to testosterone

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12
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases per unit of time

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13
Q

prevalence

A

number of sick at any one time

=incidence X average duration

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14
Q

risk

A

how much your situation increases your chance of getting the disease

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15
Q

diagnosis

A

the name of a disease

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16
Q

prognosis

A

the expected outcome for a patient

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17
Q

congenital disease

A

symptoms and signs at birth

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18
Q

disease process

A

mechanism common to many diseases

inflammation

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19
Q

biopsy

A

getting tissue from the living for diagnosis

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20
Q

closed biopsy

A

tissue obtained for diagnosis without making a surgical incision

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21
Q

open biopsy

A

tissue obtained for diagnosis through a surgical incision

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22
Q

incisional biopsy

A

a piece of tissue is taken for diagnosis from a larger diseased structure

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23
Q

excisional biopsy

A

an entire mass/organ is removed for diagnosis/cure

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24
Q

autopsy

A

the opposite of biopsy

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25
symptoms
what the patient tells you
26
signs
what you find on physical exam and other studies
27
syndrome
group of symptoms with a common underlying pathophysiology, but many different possible underlying diseases i.e. Meniere;s syndrome - hearing loss, dizziness, ringing of ears all from disease of inner ear, which disease varies
28
pathognomonic
a particular abnormality is found only in one disease/condition
29
forme fruste
mild variant of a longstanding, typically much more severe disease
30
pathogen
the microbe that causes a disease
31
agenesis/aplasia
complete failure of an organ to form
32
atresia
a lumen completely failed to form
33
stenosis
lumen is too narrow
34
occlusion
lumen is closed, though it was once open
35
spasm
inappropriate contraction of a muscle
36
hypoplasia
failure of an organ to grow to normal size
37
local gigantism
an organ is disproportionately large
38
malformation
something is shaped wrong from the beginning
39
syn, holo
things do not separate
40
supernumerary
extra of something
41
hamartoma
the right stuff in the right place with the wrong arrangement
42
cysts
abnormal, fluid filled, epithelial lined, closed
43
choristomas
good stuff in the wrong place | i.e. sebaceous glands in the mouth
44
fistula
abnormal, epithelial lined communication between two surfaces
45
pathological sinus
like a fistula except one end is a pathological sack or leads to nowhere
46
true diverticulum
includes the muscle | i.e. Meckel's, appendix
47
Pseudodiverticulum
through the muscle | i.e. Zenker's esophageal, common colon ticks
48
atrophy
an organ becomes smaller
49
cachexia
wasting of the entire body as a result of cytokine activity or cancer, more muscle destruction than fat
50
hypertrophy
increased cell size, size of organ
51
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells | i.e. prayer mark during hyperplasia of epidermis
52
metaplasia
one adult tissue component is replaced with another | i.e. columnar epithelium in uterus becomes stratified squamous
53
anaplasia
cells are bizarre, unlike normal cells
54
dysplasia
anaplasia confined to epithelium, usually proceeds development of cancers
55
apoptosis
physiologic programmed death of cells
56
necrosis
death of cells due to injury
57
pathological apoptosis
apoptosis due to cell injury
58
coagulation necrosis
hypoxia/denaturation
59
liquefaction necrosis
hydrolysis of proteins, yellow
60
caseation/caseous necrosis
mass apoptosis, white
61
enzymatic fat necrosis
saponified necrosis
62
ischemia
loss of blood flow to an organ
63
hypoxemia
hypoxia due to too little oxygen in the blood
64
anemia
hypoxia due to too little oxygen carrying capacity
65
pus
tissue liquified by enzymes produced by neutrophils
66
abscess
pus in a confined space
67
dry gangrene
tissue dried out before clostridia arrived
68
wet gangrene
clostridia arrived before the tissue dried out
69
noma
necrosis of the mouth in malnutrition
70
fibrinoid necrosis
wall of a muscular artery dies and becomes rich in plasma proteins
71
dystrophic calcification
accumulations of calcium at sites of disease
72
metastatic calcification
precipitation of calcium phosphate in healthy tissue due to elevated blood calcium, phosphate, or both
73
clonal senescence
normal cells have a limited capacity for replication, and after a fixed number of divisions cells become arrested in a terminally non dividing state
74
teratoma
tumor with tissues from multiple germ layers i.e. hair, bone, teeth
75
karyorrhexis
fragmentation of the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis
76
karyolysis
complete dissolution of the nucleus in a dying cell due to enzymatic degradation via endonucleases
77
pyknosis
irreversible condensation of chromatin in a nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis
78
hemosiderin
compact storage form of iron
79
lipofuscin
breakdown product of long gone membranes
80
amyloid
beta pleated protein that accumulates in variety of local and systemic illnesses

MOD (8 decks)

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