chp 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
- Differentiate between and give examples of matter and energy.
Matter is?
Energy?
4 types of energy?
matter - is solid liq, gas, can not be created or destroyed, but can change its form.
Energy - puts matter into motion, doing something.
1. Potential
2. kinetic
3. Thermal
4. Chemical
Potential energy-
is?
ex?
which is energy waiting to be released.
EX: waiting in bed.
Kinetic-
is?
ex?
which is energy in motion.
EX: getting out of bed.
Thermal
is
ex?
energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
ex. Skin w. cold/heat
1 st law of thermodynamics?
is
ex?
energy can not be created or destroyed,
ex: transferred from one form to another. Food -> ATP-> k.energy->Skeletal Muscle
Chemical energy-
is?
ex?
Either energy released(exothermic) or energy stored
(endothermic).
ex: Food digested, food molecule broken down, binding with acids/enzymes, turns carbos into glucose, energy released/stored.
Second Law Thermodynamic?
is?
ex?
in any energy conversion, energy is wasted as heat (entropy increases)
ex: 70-80% of energy expended during exercise is released as heat
Atom:
- consists of
- charge is?
- ___ of atom is made w. ____&___
- what are located outside of an atom.
- smallest
- consists of charges: protons, electrons, neutrons.
- nor pos or neg, electrically equal/neutral in charge
- nucleus of an atom is made with protons and neutrons
- electrons are located outside of the nucleus known as the orbital shell.
Element-
- alike atoms combined
- C, O, H
- cant be created or destroyed, but can change its form.
- protons # = same
in nuclei - 92 elements
Compound-
is?
ex?
identified as?
- Elements put together
- ex: h + o = gas -> combined=Liquid.
- identified as formulas
Isotopes-
- atoms of an element - - SAME protons, DIFFERENT neutrons, SAME atomic number, DIFFERENT atomic mass.
CAT or CT
- uses ionizing x-rays to make images on
tissue density-related differences in absorption
MRI
magnetic field,
a radio frequency pulse to temporarily change the alignment of H atoms in the body.
PET
tissue metabolism through computerized color-coded images
Ultrasound
high-frequency sound waves directed through a transducer .
Inorganic-
def:
size
ex
Carbon not combined w. hydrogen or other elements.
size: small molecules
ex: water/universal solvent.
Organic-
def
size
ex:
Carbon always combined w. hydrogen or other elements.
size: large molecules
ex: carbs, lipids,proteins, nuc acids
Carbohydrates: elements: ? 3 types: ? 1. def/ex 2. def/ex/ a syn 3.def/ex
elements: CHO 3 types: 1. mono: simple sugar ex: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose. 2. Di: 2 monos (dehydration syn) ex:sucrose, lactose, maltose 3. poly: largest carb/1000s glucose. ex: cellulose, glycogen, starch.
Lipids
Def:
elements:
Ex:
def: stored energy
elements: CHO, less O
ex: fats, phospholipid, steriod.
Fats: triglycerides =
1.
2.
3 fatty+1glycerol
stored fat
Phospholipids =
Lipid bilayer in cell memb
Steroids=
contain?
and that important for?
cholesterol impt for -vit d - male/female hormones - cortisol hormone (cortisol shot is a steriod into you knee)
Proteins elements: def: binded by: Special protein:
CHONPS
- most diverse/ essential organic compound
- amino acids
- ENZYME( made of apoenzymes &coenzyme)
a special protein is and enzyme
aka?
special bc?
Organic syn
helps control chem rxn
