Objective 1

Question 1

4 branches of anatomy

Answer 1

Gross
micro
developmental
systemic
comparative

Question 2

Gross Anatomy
Def:
ex: 
can be seen during?
what type features?

Answer 2

Study of large easily seen structures of organism.
ex: dissection
external features(shapes/divisions)

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy
Def:
2 types of microscopes?
2 branches?

Answer 3

use of microscopes to help see small details of organ parts.

• ultrawave/ electron microscopes
• Cytology, Histology

Question 4

Histology?

Answer 4

tissues, organs, of entire body.

Question 5

Cytology?

Answer 5

structure, functions, growth of cells from different parts of body.

Question 6

Developmental Anatomy

EX:

Answer 6

growth of organism.

ex: Embryology(egg->birth)

Question 7

Comparative Anatomy

Evolution is an ex why?

Answer 7

Humans vs. animals

Anatomicalsimilarities between organisms -> organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 8

Systematic Anatomy

Answer 8

structure of organs/parts that make an organ system

Question 9

3 Examples Systemic Anatomy.

“3 systems and what parts it has in it”

Answer 9

1. Derm: skin, hair, nails = integumentary system
2. Endocrinology: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, ovaries, testes = endocrine/hormonal system
3. Neurology: brainandspinal = Nervous system.

Question 10

Anterior/Ventral
def:
ex: (2)

Answer 10

def: front, in front of
ex:
1. Knees -> anterior surface of body.
2. Ventral hernia may protrude from front abdomen.

Question 11

Posterior/Dorsal?

ex:

Answer 11

back, in back of

ex: shoulder blades= posterior surface of body

Question 12

Cephalic

Answer 12

head end of body, skull

Question 13

Caudal:

full length of?

Answer 13

tail end of body, full length of the spine and coccyx.

Question 14

Superior

Answer 14

above

Question 15

Inferior

Answer 15

below

Question 16

2 anatomical words that describe towards and away from MIDLINE

Answer 16

Medial; towards midline

Later: away from midline, towards the sides.

Question 17

2 anatomical words that describe towards/away from point of attachment?

Answer 17

Proximal: towards attachment
Distal: away from attachment

Question 18

Superficial/external

Answer 18

ON, NEAR, outer surface

Question 19

Deep/internal

Answer 19

IN, deep inside

Question 20

Sagittal

Answer 20

divides left and right sides

Question 21

Midsagittal

Answer 21

whole body cut from skull in R/L pieces

Question 22

Coronal/frontal Plane

Answer 22

horizontally; anterior/posterior cut

Question 23

Transverse:

Answer 23

horizontally, superior/inferior

Question 24

Dorsal cavity consists of:

Answer 24

cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Question 25

Ventral cavity consists of:

Answer 25

The Diaphragm which has 2 sections 1. thoracic cavity 2. Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 26

Dorsal Cavity: - Cranial cavity=? - its sections?

Answer 26

``` Brain sections: 1.Orbital Cavity - eye, eyeball muscle, optic nerve, lacrimal. 2. Nasal Cavity 3. Oral/buccal Cavities - teeth, tongue ```

Question 27

Ventral Cavity: 1. Thoracic Cavity - aka - location? - Organs included? - special cuz ___organ has its own?

Answer 27

- Aka: mediastinum - Location: between lungs, sternum, vertebrae of bk. - esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, bronchi, heart - heart own cavity; pericardium cavity.

Question 28

Lungs are covered with?

Answer 28

pleura

Question 29

``` Ventral Cavity: 2. Abdominopelvic Cavity= -NO? abdomin: -Define organs ``` Pelvic: - define organs

Answer 29

-NO seperations - Abdominal=SSSLLGPA Stomach, Spleen, S.intestine, part L.intestine, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Appendix. -Pelvic= urinary bladder, repro sys, rectum, rest of L.intestin

Question 30

9 surface anatomy regions

Answer 30

R.hypochondria, Epigastric, L.hypo R.Lumbar...Umbillical..L.Lumbar R.Illiac...Hypopgastric...L.Illiac

Question 31

4 quads of abdomen?

Answer 31

RUQ....LUQ | RLQ.....LLQ

Question 32

RUQ | organs (8)

Answer 32

``` Gallbladder Liver R.kidney R.Adrenal gland Stomach S.Intestine Transverse colon Pancreas "Glrr-sstp" Gally Lived Round Kind RoomAtes Such Small Town is Panful ```

Question 33

LUQ organs (7)

Answer 33

Spleen ______ L. kidney L. Adrenal gland Stomach s.intestine transverse colon pancreas

Question 34

RLQ Organs (5)

Answer 34

``` ACLRR appendix cecum L.intestine R. ureter R. Repro -ovary,f.tubes,spermatic cord ```

Question 35

LLQ (5) organs

Answer 35

``` SSLLL s.intestine Sigmold Colon L. intestine L. ureter L. Repro -ovary, f.tubes, spermatic cord. ```

Question 36

Explain how a biological control system maintains homeostasis. 1. 2.

Answer 36

1. Homeostasis- essential for survival, Regulates internal environment. 2. interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical variable at a near constant value

Question 37

Identify the receptor, control center, and effector components of specific biological control systems.?

Answer 37

Receptor/Sensor= Detects changes in variable (little much, little less) Control Center= Assesses input/begins response Effector= Changes internal environment to normal (neg feedback)

Question 38

Negative feedback | 3 ways to define it

Answer 38

Reverse disturbance being caused in body. Homeostasis BFF Most control systems

Question 39

Describe neg feedback mech; on a hot summer day

Answer 39

1. Hypothalamus signals organs to sweat 2. Sweat released on skin"cooling process" 3. Evaporates off skin "cooling mech" 4. Blood vessels dilate allowing blood near skin 5. we cool off.

Question 40

Describe neg feedback mech; on a cold day

Answer 40

1. hypothalamus signals to muscles to shiver 2. muscle activy increase= temp increases 3. blood vessels constrict, holding on to body heat 4. we warm up a little.

Question 41

Describe neg feedback mech; extracellular has increase CO2

Answer 41

1. chemoreceptors triggered 2. resp control gland gets info 3. resp muscles activate 4. breathing increases 5. CO2 reduced.

Question 42

Pos feedback mechanism =

Answer 42

increasing original stimulus

Question 43

Pos feedback mech; childbirth example

Answer 43

1. mechanoreceptors in cervix stimulated 2. message sent to brain 3. Oxytocin from post. pituitary gland releases. 4. Increase in uterine contractions 5. Contractions until childbirth