Chp 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What defines Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases?
Brønsted-Lowry acids donate a proton (H+), while bases accept a proton.
What type of reactions are acid/base reactions classified as?
Ionic reactions involving ions.
What notation is used to represent the flow of electron density in acid/base reactions?
Curved arrow notation.
In an acid/base reaction, what happens to the acid?
The acid cannot lose its proton without the base taking it.
What is the conjugate base of CH3OH?
CH3O-.
What causes heartburn?
Acids (mostly HCl) from the stomach backing up into the esophagus.
What are antacids?
Bases that neutralize HCl.
What is the significance of pKa values in acid/base strength analysis?
pKa values are used to compare the strengths of acids on either side of an equilibrium.
What is the relationship between strong acids and pKa values?
Strong acids have low pKa values.
What does each unit change in pKa represent?
An order of magnitude difference in acidity.
What does the equilibrium favor in acid/base reactions?
The formation of the weaker acid (higher pKa value).
What acronym helps remember factors affecting stability in acidity?
CARIO.
What does ‘C’ in CARIO stand for?
Charge - the formal charge of the atom.
What does ‘A’ in CARIO represent?
Atom - the type of atom that carries the electron density.
What does ‘R’ in CARIO signify?
Resonance - the ability to stabilize a charge by spreading it out.
What does ‘I’ in CARIO refer to?
Induction - stabilization of a charge by electron-withdrawing effects.
What does ‘O’ in CARIO indicate?
Orbital - the type of orbital where the electron density resides.
What is the stability of a conjugate base with a neutral formal charge compared to one with a formal negative charge?
The neutral formal charge is more stable.
What is the role of resonance in acidity?
Resonance can stabilize a formal negative charge by spreading it out.
What is the difference between resonance and induction in stabilizing a charge?
Resonance spreads the charge into partial charges, while induction stabilizes by electron-withdrawing effects.
When assessing acidity, which factor in CARIO is generally prioritized?
Charge.
What is a counterion?
A spectator ion necessary to balance the overall charge of a solution.
Define a Lewis acid.
A Lewis acid accepts a pair of electrons.
Define a Lewis base.
A Lewis base donates a pair of electrons.
