Chp 3 Clinicals Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Anatomical basis of male infertility
A
- Hormonal imbalance
- Hypogonadism
- decreased sperm count
- defective sperm morphology/motility
2
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Anatomical basis of female infertility
A
- Hypogonadism
- hormonal imbalance
- endometriosis
- salpingitis
- congenital uterine abnormalities
2
Q
Physiological basis of male infertility
A
- stress
- depression
- anxiety
- guilt
- trauma
- insomnia
- malnutrition
3
Q
Physiological basis of female infertility
A
- Before puberty
- After menopause
4
Q
Give two reasons for infertility in both male and female
A
Hormonal imbalance and hypogonadism (anatomical basis)
5
Q
What is contraception?
A
Deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by various methods
5
Q
What are the various methods of contraception?
A
- Barrier
- Hormonal
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs)
- Sterilization (Male and Female)
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15
Q
How do barrier methods work (give examples)
A
They physically block sperm from reaching the egg
Ex male and female condoms
15
Mechanism of hormonal methods with example
Use estrogen and/or progestrin to prevent ovulation by thickening cervical mucus, and altering the uterine lining
Ex. pills, injections, patches
Inhibit release of FSH and LH to prevent maturation and release of egg from ovaries
16
Mechanism of IUDs
Prevent fertilization
1. Hormonal: release progestin and inhibit sperm movement
2. Copper: release copper ions that are toxic to sperm
16
How do ECPs work
Work by delaying or inhibiting ovulation
May alter uterine lining or thicken cervical mucus
17
What does sterilization do?
Permanently prevent pregnancy
1. Vasectomy: blocks sperm transport
2. Tubal ligation: prevents movement of eggs
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