Langman Chp 3 Flashcards
Fertilization to 1st Week (21 cards)
What hormone initiates the ovarian cycle?
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to GnRH?
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
What is the function of FSH in the ovarian cycle?
Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.
What triggers ovulation?
A surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
What is the role of the corpus luteum?
Secretes progesterone and estrogen to maintain the endometrium.
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
It degenerates into the corpus albicans.
What is Mittelschmerz?
Mid-cycle abdominal pain associated with ovulation.
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual, Proliferative, and Secretory phases.
What occurs during the menstrual phase?
Shedding of the endometrial lining.
What occurs during the proliferative phase?
Estrogen induces regeneration of the endometrium.
What occurs during the secretory phase?
Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation.
How is the oocyte transported to the uterus?
By ciliary action and muscular contractions of the uterine tube.
What is capacitation?
Functional maturation of sperm in the female reproductive tract.
What is the acrosomal reaction?
Release of enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.
What are the phases of fertilization?
Penetration of corona radiata, zona pellucida, and fusion of membranes.
What are the results of fertilization?
Restoration of diploid chromosome number, determination of sex, and start of development.
What is cleavage?
Rapid mitotic division of the zygote into blastomeres.
What is compaction?
Blastomeres increase contact and adhesion forming a compacted morula.
What is a morula?
A 16-cell stage embryo consisting of inner and outer cell masses.
What is a blastocyst?
Embryo with inner cell mass (embryo proper) and outer cell mass (trophoblast).
What is the origin of embryonic stem cells?
Inner cell mass of the blastocyst.
