Chp 4 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Flashcards
(36 cards)
The main physiological roles of GH and its superfamily are the following:
_____ glucose utilization
_____ glycogen synthesis
_____ amino acid transport across cell membranes
_____ protein synthesis
_____ utilization of fatty acids
_____ lipolysis
_____ availability of glucose and amino acids
_____ collagen synthesis
_____ cartilage growth
_____ retention of _____, _____, _____ and _____
_____ renal plasma flow and filtration
_____ compensatory renal hypertrophy
______ immune cell function
decreases decreases increases increases increases increases increases increases stimulates increases; nitrogen; sodium; potassium; phophorus increases promotes enhances
Growth hormone is secreted by _____.
pituitary gland
Growth hormone interacts directly with target tissues, which include _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.
bone; immune cells; skeletal muscle; fat cells; liver tissues
Women have _____ blood levels of GH than do men.
higher
Training-related changes in GH include a _____ in GH response to an absolute exercise stress and alternations in GH _____ characteristics.
reduction; pulsatility
Exercise results in acute _____ in blood levels of IGF-I.
increase
Changes in IGF-I appear to be based on the _____ before training.
starting concentrations
Men: exercise _____ is more effective for increasing overall testosterone concentrations over an entire day.
later in the day
The free hormone hypothesis states that only _____.
the free hormone interacts with target tissues
Women have _____ fold lower concentrations of testosterone than men do, and if acute increases occur after a resistance training workout, they are _____.
15- to 20-; small
It appears that _____ and ____ may be very important factors in altering the resting and exercise induced concentrations of testosterone.
training time; experience
Role of cortisol: _____ effects:
- converts amino acids to _____
- increases the level of enzymes that _____
- inhibits _____
catabolic
carbohydrates
break down proteins
protein synthesis
Resistance exercise protocols that use _____, _____, and _____ results in increased serum cortisol values.
Though chronic high levels of cortisol may have adverse catabolic effects, acute increases may contribute to the _____.
short rest periods; large muscle groups; high volume
remodelling of muscle tissues.
Catecholamines are primarily _____ but also ____ and _____.
epinephrine; norepinephrine; dopamine
Roles of catecholamines
- increased _____ via central mechanisms and increased _____
- increased _____, _____, _____, _____
- Augment secretion rates of _____
force production; metabolic enzyme activity
muscle contraction rate; blood pressure; energy availability; muscle blood flow (via vasodilation)
other hormones
Interactions with hormone receptors are greater when _____.
exercise acutely increases the blood concentrations of hormones
Mechanisms contributing to changes in peripheral blood concentrations of hormones:
(5)
- fluid volume shift
- tissue clearance rates
- hormonal degradation
- venous pooling of blood
- interactions with binding proteins in the blood
3 main categories of hormones
steroid
polypeptide
amine
anabolic hormones = hormones that promote _____
e.g. _____, _____, _____, _____
catabolic hormones = hormones that _____
e.g. _____, _____
tissue building
insulin, testosterone, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
degrade cell proteins
cortisol; progesterone
Lock-and-key-theory
____ is the lock
_____ is the key
receptor
hormone
downregulation
the inability of a hormone to interact with a receptor
Amine hormone interactions
synthesized from the amino acid _____ or ______.
tyrosine (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
tryptophan (e.g. serotonin)
A steroid hormone passively diffuses across the _____ of a muscle fiber.
It binds with its receptor to form a _____.
sarcolemma
hormone-receptor complex (H-RC)
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the _____, and is read by a _____ in the process of _____.
genetic sequence of a gene; ribosome; synthesizing a protein
