Chp 5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the integument?
The integument, commonly known as the skin, is the body’s largest organ and serves as the primary barrier against environmental hazards.
What are the three main layers of the integument?
The three main layers are:
- Epidermis: The outermost layer, consisting of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
- Dermis: Located beneath the epidermis, containing tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
- Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis): The deepest layer, made of fat and connective tissue.
What are the vital functions of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system performs several vital functions:
- Protection
- Sensation
- Thermoregulation
- Metabolic Functions
- Excretion
What are the five layers of the epidermis?
The five layers of the epidermis are:
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Corneum
What is the function of keratinocytes?
Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin.
What do melanocytes do?
Melanocytes, located in the stratum basale, produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.
What are Langerhans Cells?
Langerhans Cells are part of the immune system; they detect and fight pathogens.
What is the role of Merkel Cells?
Merkel Cells function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings.
How does skin thickness vary?
Thick skin (found on palms and soles) has a more pronounced stratum corneum and includes the stratum lucidum, whereas thin skin (covering most of the body) lacks the stratum lucidum.
What influences skin color?
Skin color is influenced by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.
What are some markings on the skin?
Markings include freckles, moles, and fingerprints.
What are the two layers of the dermis?
The two layers of the dermis are:
- Papillary Layer
- Reticular Layer
What is the function of the dermal blood supply?
The dermal blood supply delivers oxygen and nutrients, removes waste, and aids in thermoregulation.
What is the structure of the subcutaneous layer?
The subcutaneous layer, also known as the hypodermis, is composed of loose connective tissue and fat cells.
What are the functions of nails?
Nails protect the distal phalanx, enhance fine touch sensation, and assist in grasping small objects.
What is the structure of hair?
Each hair consists of a shaft, root, and bulb.
What are sweat glands?
Sweat glands are exocrine glands in the skin that produce sweat to help regulate body temperature.
What are the two types of sweat glands?
The two types of sweat glands are eccrine glands and apocrine glands.
What are the characteristics of eccrine glands?
Eccrine glands are found all over the body, produce a watery sweat, and are primarily involved in thermoregulation.
What are the characteristics of apocrine glands?
Apocrine glands are located in specific areas (like the armpits), produce a thicker sweat, and are associated with scent.
What are sebaceous glands?
Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands that secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.
What is the function of sebum?
Sebum helps to keep the skin moisturized and provides a barrier against bacteria.
What are other glands found in the skin?
Other glands include ceruminous glands, which produce earwax, and mammary glands, which produce milk.
