CHP. 9 - Multivariate Correlation

Question 1

Multivariate Correlation

Answer 1

Correlation between more than 2 variables

Question 2

Longitudinal Designs

Answer 2

Used to establish temporal precedence
- often used to study changes over time
Typically measure 4 variables
- Variable 1 @ Time 1 & Time 2
- Variable 2 @ Time 1 & Time 2

Question 3

3 Types of Correlations with Longitudinal Designs

Answer 3

• Cross-sectional
• Auto Correlations
• Cross-lag

Question 4

Cross-Sectional Correlation

Answer 4

Measures both variables at the same time
- Is the correlation between variables consistent over time?

Question 5

Auto Correlations

Answer 5

Examines correlations of a single variable between each of the time points
- Is the variable consistent over time?

Question 6

Cross-Lag Correlations

Answer 6

Can be used to establish temporal precedence
3 possible outcomes:
1. A causes B
2. B causes A
3. A & B are mutually reinforcing

Question 7

Multiple Regression Analysis

Answer 7

Statistical technique used to rule out some 3rd variables
- establishes internal validity

Question 8

Steps for Multiple Regression

Answer 8

1. Scientist chooses the variable they are most interested in understanding (criterion variable)
2. Rest of the variables measured in the regression analysis are called predictor variables
3. Calculate beta for each of the independent variables

Question 9

Beta

Answer 9

Relationship between predictor & criterion variable
- positive b = positive relationship
- negative b = negative relationship
- beta = 0 = no relationship

Question 10

Parsimony

Answer 10

Degree to which good theory provides the simplest explanation of a pattern of data

Question 11

Pattern & Parsimony Approach to Establish a Causal Claim

Answer 11

• Come up with a theory that specifies a mechanism for the causal path
• Theory would have a set of predictions
• By showing evidence for each part & each sub-theory you defend the overall theory

Question 12

Mediator

Answer 12

Some factor that is internal to the causal variable
- is a type of causal claim

Question 13

Requirements for Mediation

Answer 13

*Directionality is important!
1. “C” must be significant
2. “A” must be significant
3. “B” must be signficant
4. Regression analysis

Question 14

Mediators vs. Moderators

Answer 14

“Why are these 2 variables linked?” vs. “Are these 2 variables linked in every situation?”