chp.2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Spotlight Effect
the belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance than they really are
Illusion of Transparency
the illusion that our concealed emotions can leak out and can be easily read by others (if your happy and you know it, then your face will surely show it/it won’t)
Self-Schema
beliefs about ourselves that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information
Social Comparisons
evaluating one’s opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others
Individualism
The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group
goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
Independent Self
Construing one’s identity as an
autonomous self.
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of
one’s group (often one’s
extended family or work group)
and defining one’s identity
accordingly
Planning Fallacy
The tendency to underestimate
how long it will take to complete a task.
Affective Forecasting
people have greatest difficulty predicting the intensity and the duration of their future emotions
Impact Bias
Overestimating the enduring
impact of emotion-causing
events.
Dual Attitude System
Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion;
implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habits.
Self-Esteem
A person’s overall self evaluation or sense of
self-worth.
Terror management theory
argues that humans must find ways to manage their overwhelming fear of death.
Self-efficacy
A sense that one is competent
and effective, distinguished
from self-esteem, which is
one’s sense of self-worth.
Self-serving bias
The tendency to perceive
oneself favorably
Self-serving attributions
attributing positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to something else
Defensive pessimism
The adaptive value of
anticipating problems and
harnessing one’s anxiety to
motivate effective action.
False consensus effect
The tendency to overestimate
the commonality of one’s
opinions and one’s undesirable
or unsuccessful behaviors.
False uniqueness effect
The tendency to underestimate
the commonality of one’s
abilities and one’s desirable or
successful behaviors.
Self-handicapping
Protecting one’s self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure
Self-presentation
refers to our wanting to present a desired image both to an external audience
(other people) and to an internal audience (ourselves).
Self-montioring
Being attuned to the way one
presents oneself in social
situations and adjusting one’s
performance to create the
desired impression.
