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fire appartus driver operator > Chpt 14 > Flashcards

Chpt 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The national institute of standards and technology has determined that foam is ______ more effective than plain water in extinguishing fires, which can justify its use and added expense at an incident site

A

Three to five times

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2
Q

Is a device that mixes the foam concentrate into the fire stream in the proper percentage

A

Foam proportioner

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3
Q

The expansion of foam solution depends on good mechanical agitation and effective ______, the process of introducing air into the foam solution

A

Aeration

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4
Q

Foam tetrahedron includes four components

A

Water
Foam concentrate
Air
Mechanical agitation

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5
Q

Are produced when water and foam concentrate are mixed in the appropriate amounts

A

Mechanical foams

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6
Q

Hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel, and kerosene, have a lower _______ than water

A

Surface tension

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7
Q

Comprises the time required for a foam blanket to spread out across a fuel surface

A

Knockdown and speed flow

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8
Q

Are used on ordinary combustible materials such as wood, textiles, and paper; they are also effective on organic materials such as straw and hay.

A

Class A

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9
Q

Class A foams sometimes referred to as ______, are very effective because they improve the penetrating effect of water and allow for great heat absorption

A

Wetting agents

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10
Q

According to foam manufacturers, these wetting agents can extinguish fie involving class A materials as much as _____ faster than water

A

20 times

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11
Q

Is particularly useful for protecting buildings in rural areas during forest and brush fires when the water supply is limited

A

Class A foam

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12
Q

Many fire departments use ____ while performing initial attack and overhaul of fires

A

Class A foam

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13
Q

Class A foam increases the effectiveness of the water as an extinguishing agent by reducing the _____ of the water

A

Surface tension

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14
Q

Are used on hydrocarbon, combustible fuels, or polar solvent fires

A

Class B foams

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15
Q

A _____ reduces the surface tension of water and enhances penetration into fuel that is burning

A

Wetting agent

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16
Q

A ____ creates a stable mass of small, air filled bubbles with lower density than oil, gas, or water and will float on top of burning fuel, creating a blanket that separates the fuel from air, lowering the Temperature and suppressing the vapors

A

Foam

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17
Q

Are used to extinguish class B fires involving hydrocarbons

A

Protein foams

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18
Q

Contain naturally occurring proteins that is, animal by product as the foaming agent.

A

Protein foams

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19
Q

They produce highly stabilized mechanical foam with good expansion properties, excellent heat, and ______ and good drainage characteristics

A

Burn back resistance

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20
Q

Consists of hydrolyzed protein, stabilizers, preservatives, and synthetic fluorocarbon surfactants

A

Fluoroprotein foam

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21
Q

This type of foam is used for hydrocarbon vapor suppression and extinguishment of fuel in depth fires

A

Fluoroprotein foam

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22
Q

Have slower knockdown characteristics than other concentrates, but they provide a long lasting foam blanket after the fire is extinguished

A

Regular protein foams

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23
Q

Because they must be properly aspirated, these foams should not be used with non aspirating structural fog nozzles

A

Fluoroprotein foams

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24
Q

Is able to form a vapor sealing film on non polar solvents

A

Film forming fluoroprotein foam

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25
Q

Knockdown performance is improved because the foam releases an aqueous film on the surface of the hydrocarbon fuel

A

Film forming fluoroprotein foams

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26
Q

Can be used on both hydrocarbon and water soluble fuels

A

Alcohol resistant film forming fluoroprotein foam

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27
Q

AR-FFFP is basically FFFP with a _______ additive

A

Polysaccharide polymer additive

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28
Q

Is based on combination of flurochemical surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, mad solvents

A

AFFF aqueous film forming foam

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29
Q

Because of the versatility of ____; it is used by the majority of municipal and airport fire departments in North America

A

AFFF

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30
Q

It’s ability to flow quickly allows _____ to achieve a very fast knockdown of hydrocarbon fuels

A

AFFF

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31
Q

Aspirating foam nozzles Should be used to apply _____ to ensure maximum performance

A

AFFF

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32
Q

Comprises a combination of synthetic detergents, flurochemicals, and high molecular weight polymers

A

Alcohol resistant aqueous film forming foams

AR-AFFF

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33
Q

Is one of the most versatile type of foam.

A

AR -AFFF

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34
Q

Are highly effective in confined space firefighting operations and in areas where access is limited or entry is dangerous to fire fighters, such as basements, ship board compartments, warehouses, aircraft hangars, and mine shafts

A

High expansion foams

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35
Q

High expansion foams can be used on either ____ fires

A

Class a or class b fires

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36
Q

The foam concentrates are normally proportioned in rations between 1 to 3 percent for these uses

A

High expansion foams

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37
Q

Are designed to be mixed with water at specific ratios

A

Foam concentrates

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38
Q

Foam concentrate ratios vary from _____ for class a foams

A

0.1 to 1 percent

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39
Q

Foam concentrate ratio for class b

A

1 to 6 percent

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40
Q

Alcohol resistant foams can be used effectively on both hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuels. ______ is the most commonly used concentrate for this purpose; it is available in a variety of percentages

A

AR-AFFF

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41
Q

The _____ is the ratio of finished foam to foam solution after the concentrate is mixed with water, agitated, and aspirated through a foam making appliance

A

Foam expansion rate

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42
Q

Low expansion foam Has a foam expansion ratio of up to

A

20:1

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43
Q

This type of foam is primarily designed for use on flammable and combustible liquids

A

Low expansion foam

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44
Q

Low expansion foam is effective in controlling and extinguishing most

A

Class B fires

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45
Q

Medium expansion foam has a foam expansion ratio in the range of _______

A

20:1 to 200:1

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46
Q

This kind of foam is used primarily to suppress vapors from hazardous chemicals

A

Medium expansion foam

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47
Q

Foams with expansion ratios between ______ have been found to produce the optimal foam blanket for vapor mitigation of highly reactive chemicals and low boiling points

A

30:1 and 55:1 medium expansion foam

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48
Q

High expansion foams has a foam expansion ratio in the range of

A

200:1 to 1000:1

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49
Q

This type of foam is designed for confined space firefighting

A

High expansion foams

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50
Q

The foam concentrate consists of a synthetic, detergent type foam used in confined spaces such as basements, mines, ship board, and aircraft hangars

A

High expansion foams

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51
Q

The ____ is a device that mixes the foam concentrate into the fire steam in the proper percentage

A

Foam proportioner

52
Q

Is the process of pouring foam concentrate directly into the fire apparatus water tank, thereby mixing a large amount of foam at one time

A

Batch mixing

53
Q

Class a foams concentrates that are batch mixed must be used within ____ if they are to be effective

A

24 hours

54
Q

Premixing of foam solutions is a technique that is usually reserved for

A

Portable fire extinguishers

55
Q

Involves the use of an eductor to introduce the appropriate amount of foam concentrate into a stream of water flowing from a discharge

A

Induction

56
Q

An ____ is an appliance that uses the Venturi principle to introduce foam concentrate into the water stream

A

Eductor

57
Q

A ___ is usually designed to work at a predetermined pressure and flow rate; it’s metering valve can be adjusted to set the percentage of foam concentrate that is educted into the stream

A

Foam eductor

58
Q

In line eductors should only be used for the application of

A

Foam

59
Q

Those mounted to permanently to the fire pump are dedicated to one foam discharge; such as ____ are in line devices dedicated to producing foam only

A

Pump mounted eductors

60
Q

Are permanently mounted appliances that can be used for water or foam application, depending on what is required at the incident scene

A

By pass eductors

61
Q

Eductors use the ____ to mix a specific amount of foam concentrate into the water stream

A

Venturi principle

62
Q

Foam concentrate is introduced into the eductor using a ____ which allows the driver operator to adjust the percentage of foam concentrate being added to the water system

A

Metering valve

63
Q

An eductor inlet pressure of _____ is necessary to overcome friction loss through the eductor as well as the friction loss between the eductor and the nozzle

A

200 psi

64
Q

The ____ controls the flow of concentrate into the eductor

A

Metering device

65
Q

The amount of foam concentrate introduced into the water stream is controlled by adjusting the _____

A

Metering valve

66
Q

Metering valves have adjustable settings that range from

A

0 closed position to 6 percent

67
Q

The percentage set on the metering valve will be achieved only if the inlet pressure at the eductor matches the manufacturers recommend

A

Inlet pressure

68
Q

An ______ is attached to the hoseline no more than 150 ft from the nozzle and no more than 6ft above the surface of the foam concentrate— a placement that makes it easy to set up and take down

A

In line eductor

69
Q

This system uses a diaphragm type pressure control valve to sense and balance the pressures in the foam concentrate and water lines to the proportioner

A

Balanced pressure systems

70
Q

Is a device required for each foam outlet to proportion the correct amount of foam concentrate into water stream over a wide range of flows and with minimal pressure loss

A

Ratio controller

71
Q

A _____ at the pump panel allows the driver operator to monitor the foam concentrate and water pressures

A

Duplex gauge

72
Q

A ____ located at the pump panel enables the driver operator to override the automatic system by increasing or decreasing foam concentrate pressure, in case a problem occurs within the system

A

Manual throttling control

73
Q

The ____ uses water as its cooling source and prevents the foam concentrate from overheating

A

Heat exchanger

74
Q

Use an electrically operated, variable speed foam concentrate pump that directly injects foam concentrate into the discharge side of the pump manifold

A

Injection systems

75
Q

Are the most common type of system in use today and are designed for use in class A foam concentrates and with many class B concentrates, depending on the viscosity of the concentrate

A

Injection systems

76
Q

With____ the driver operator can adjust the foam concentrate percentage while the system is in operation

A

Injection systems

77
Q

Concentrate injection rates can be set anywhere in the range of 0.1 to 10 percent. These percentages, can be changed in ______, are selected using a button on the control unit.

A

0.1 percent increments

78
Q

Combines compressed air and a foam solution to create the finished foam

A

CAFS combined air foam systems

79
Q

This type of system is generally used to generate class A foam specifically, to create a high quality finished foam that clings to vertical surfaces

A

CAFS combined air foam systems

80
Q

CAFS hoselines are typically filled with approximately____ compressed air

A

30 percent

81
Q

Because the hose is filled with air, ______ is insignificant

A

Friction loss

CAFS

82
Q

Produce medium and high expansion foams

A

Foam generators

83
Q

A _____ aspirating type of generator uses a water motor driven fan to produce the required air flow

A

Water powered aspirating generator

84
Q

Mechanical generators operate similarly to a water aspirating generator. The difference is that the mechanical generator is______, which forces air flow through the unit

A

Electrically powered by a fan

85
Q

A ____draws the foam into the master stream nozzle, this tube is placed into the foam concentrate supply and operated as an eductor system

A

Pick up tube

86
Q

Are designed to mix air with the foam solution as it is discharged

A

Air aspirating foam nozzle

87
Q

Are the nozzle of choice when using CAFS

A

Smooth bore nozzles

88
Q

Not aeration is the major concern when a smooth bore nozzle is used with CAFS

A

Application

89
Q

Foam concentrate is stored in containers that range in size from

A

5 gal pails to 55 gallon drums

90
Q

Totes and trailers of foam concentrate are available in different sizes as well ranging from _____ of foam concentrate

A

100 to 1000 gallons

91
Q

Typical protein concentrate has a shelf life in the range of

A

7 to 10 years

92
Q

Synthetic concentrates and high expansion concentrates have a shelf life of

A

20 to 25 years

93
Q

Should be used only on a pool of flammable product that is located on open ground

A

Sweep roll method

94
Q

Is employed at fires where the fire fighter can use an object to deflect the foam stream and let it flow down the burning surface

A

Bankshot bank down method

95
Q

Can be used when there is no vertical object to use for a bank shot and it would be to dangerously get close and use a roll on method of foam application.

A

Rain down method

96
Q

This foam application technique consists of lofting the foam stream into the air above the material and letting it fall down onto the surface

A

Rain down method

97
Q

The maximum inlet pressure to the water pump cannot be more than

A

10 psi

98
Q

The _____ used for firefighting purposes is a stable mass of small, air filled bubbles.

A

Foam

99
Q

Foam Is created through the application of four components:

A

Water, foam concentrate, mechanical agitation, and air

100
Q

Foams come into two basic types

A

Chemical and mechanical foams

101
Q

Fuel resistance is foams ability to minimize ______, which is the absorption of the burning fuel into the foam itself.

A

Fuel pick up

102
Q

Firefighting foams are classified as either

A

Class A or class B

103
Q

Many fire departments use _____ while performing initial attack and overhaul of fires.

A

Class A

104
Q

A _____ is a chemical compound that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbon

105
Q

Class b foams are divided into the following categories

A

Protein foams
Fluroprotien foams
Alcohol resistant film forming fluoroprotien foam
AR-FFFP

106
Q

Protein foams also include stabilizers and inhibitors, which prevent corrosion and control _____.

A

Viscosity

107
Q

These foams must be properly aspirated, however; thus they should not be used with non aspirating structural fog nozzles

A

Protein foams

108
Q

Notably, _____ is effective for subsurface application to hydrocarbon fuel storage

A

FP fluoroprotien foam

109
Q

With these foams, the fluorochemical surfactants are generally present in higher concentrations than in standard FP

A

Film forming fluoroprotien foam FFFP

110
Q

On hydrocarbon fires, the film forming ability of this foam allows for a rapid fire knockdown and excellent burn back resistance.

A

Alcohol resistant film forming fluoroprotien foam ARFFFP

111
Q

It extinguishes fire by forming an aqueous film on the fuel surface

A

AFFF

112
Q

When applied to polar solvents, however, ______ forms a ploymeric membrane on the fuel surface

A

AR-AFFF

113
Q

Foams based on combinations of hydrocarbon surfactants and solvents

A

High expansion foams

114
Q

They are useful of fuels such as liquified natural gas for vapor dispersion and control.

A

High expansion foams

115
Q

In certain concentrations, these foams are effective extinguishing agents for flammable liquid spill fires of most types

A

High expansion foams

116
Q

Have a tremendous smothering and steam generation effect because the water contained in them is divided into such fine particles, which enhances the heat absorption quality of water.

A

High expansion foams

117
Q

When using class A foam for initial fire attack on a vehicle fire, you might use a ______ percent ratio of foam concentrate to water

A

0.3 to 0.5

118
Q

If you were supplying a hoseline that was spraying foam on a house to protect it during a brush fire, you might increase the ratio to ______, thereby creating a thicker foam that would last longer and protect the house for extended period

A

3 percent

119
Q

If the water tank on the fire apparatus holds 500 gallons of water and you want to use class A foam at 1 percent, you would add ______ of foam concentrate with an in line eductor

A

5 gallons of foam

120
Q

As the water travels through the in line eductor, it draws foam concentrate into the water at a desired percentage using the

A

Venturi principle

121
Q

Two types of eductors in use today

A

In line eductors and bypass eductors

122
Q

Most eductors are calibrated to flow the rated capacity at _____ inlet pressure

A

200 psi

123
Q

This kind of system uses a fire pump, foam concentrate injection system, and an air compressor to produce high quality finished foam streams inside the fire apparatus piping

A

CAFS

124
Q

Some water powered high expansion generators are designed to achieve expansion rates of as much as _______ gal of finished foam for every 1 gal of foam solution

A

1000 gallons

125
Q

High expansion foam systems are designed for use in total flooding applications and are effective at the following locations

A

Mines Machinery spaces
Warehouses. Hazardous waste facilities
Aircraft hangars Wildland fire breaks
Basements
Storage buildings
Paper warehouses

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