Chpt 15 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
The traditional most obvious role for the aerial apparatus on the fire ground remains the _____
A
Rescue of trapped persons
2
Q
The order of tactical priorities remains the traditional one
A
Rescue
Exposures
Confinement
Extinguishment
3
Q
Is accomplished first either by removing victims from the fires threat or by extinguishing or at least knocking down the fire, thereby making removal of the victim less dangerous
A
Rescue
4
Q
The priorities for the use of the aerial apparatus are as follows
A
Rescue
Exposure protection
Ventilation
Elevated streams
5
Q
When victim removal via ladder is required above the third floor, it is the aerial ladder that is usually needed for this operation
A
Priority 1 rescue
6
Q
Most portable ladders carried on fire apparatus will be of insufficient length for operations at heights greater than the ____
A
Third floor
7
Q
When faced with a large fire and no immediate need for the aerial device to perform rescue work, the apparatus may be called upon to provide an ____
A
Elevated stream
8
Q
With the need for rescue and exposure protection addressed, the aerial may then be used to perform Horizontal and vertical ventilation
A
Priority 3 ventilation
9
Q
When called for by the IC, the application of an ______ by the aerial apparatus can be an effective tactic in the suppression of heavy fire
A
Elevated stream
10
Q
While a handline can be advanced up and off the tip of an aerial, another elevated stream-operation entails deployment of a stream fed by a
A
Standpipe
11
Q
In buildings without standpipes or buildings under construction, however, it may be more expedient to use the aerials ____ to deploy a handline
A
Prepiped water way
12
Q
All aerial apparatus have a _____, referring to the location where the aerial device attaches to the chassis
A
Turntable
13
Q
When the aerial device is attached to the rear, it is referred to as a
A
Rear mounted device
14
Q
When the aerial device is attached to the middle of the chassis, it is referred to as a ______
A
Midship device
15
Q
The aerial ladder without any basket or platform is a
A
Straight ladder
16
Q
Straight ladders have a
A
Truss construction
17
Q
NFPA 1901 requires a minimum tip load capacity of
A
250 pounds
18
Q
Elevated platforms require a minimum tip load of
A
750 pounds
19
Q
Aerial platforms can be referred to as ______, depending on the region of the country
A
Tower ladders or ladder towers
20
Q
The boom may or may not serve as a ladder, although the ______ is most common
A
Ladder type boom
21
Q
In general, _____ have a telescoping boom that does not articulate and is equipped with a bucket, basket, or platform from which fire fighters can operate
A
Platforms
22
Q
The ______ consists of a boom with a hinge or knuckle joint in its midsection; the boom is not constructed with a ladder truss design
A
Articulating platform
23
Q
Articulating platforms may range from _____ in length
A
50 to 100 feet
24
Q
The most common construction technique for an aerial device is
A
Truss construction
25
The truss carries the load of the aerial and any live load to the turntable and into the torque box, where it is transferred first to the _____ and ultimately into the earth
Stabilizers
26
Although there are still many aerial devices that utilize true hydraulic controls, the modern aerial is stabilized and maneuvered using hydraulic systems that are operated by
Electronic controls
27
Commonly referred to as “______” arrangements, these controls regulate the movement of the hydraulic fluid from its reservoir through the hydraulic pump and to the hydraulic cylinders
Electric over hydraulic
28
The hydraulic pump is generally powered by a _____ unit from the chassis power train
Power take off
29
All aerials must be ___ prior to elevation, extension, and rotation of the aerial device to prevent the entire apparatus from overturning
Stabilized
30
Are the most common type of stabilizer
H type
31
The stabilizer is fully extended horizontally to achieve maximum width for the footprint, then extended down vertically to take the chassis load off the suspension
H type stabilizers
32
Also referred to as X type stabilizers, extend out and down from the chassis in a single action
A type stabilizers
33
Of the four types of stabilizers, _____ need the most room to deploy
Fold downs
34
The _____ prevents the aerial device from being raised from its bedded position unless all stabilizers are set
Rotational interlock
35
Once the device is raised from its bedded position while short jacked, the _______ will prevent the aerial from being rotated onto the short jack side of the apparatus
Rotational interlock
36
Using pressure transducers or other technology, the load imposed onto the chassis by the aerial device is monitored, with an ____ sounding if the load exceeds the capabilities of the stabilization system
Alarm sounding over load protection
37
_____of the aerial ladder or platform is rated by the manufacturer and generally based on the apparatus being set on level ground with the aerial device raised to its maximum extension at a 75 degree angle
Vertical reach
38
The _____ should be measured following NFPA 1901, which specifies that the distance reached is measured from the middle of the turntable to the last rung of the fly section of the aerial ladder or the outermost rail of the aerial platform
Horizontal reach
39
For an aerial rated at 100 ft, the effective horizontal reach when perpendicular to the chassis may only be ____ due to the loss of the turntable elevation and stabilizer footprint
82 ft
40
At least once every five years, whenever a visual inspection indicates an issue, or after major repairs have been performed, the aerial apparatus should be subject to a ____ as well as detailed inspection
NDT non destructive testing
41
To position the aerial apparatus to best advantage, four priorities must be addressed
Rescue
Exposure protection
Ventilation
Elevated streams
42
Based on the direction provided by the company officer, the driver operator knowledge of the structure or complex and surrounding geography, and assessment of conditions, the apparatus must be positioned at the
Best vantage point
43
For most one and two family private dwellings, placement of the apparatus will usually be _____ relative to the structure
Front and center
44
If necessary or if conditions warrant, the turntable could be positioned on the AB or AD corner of the structure to allow for access to
Two sides
45
In many cases, the ______ from the curb or shoulder may make the horizontal reach a challenge
Set back
46
At these taller structures, there is less need for the aerial to aid in roof work, so early efforts will be focused on
Physical rescue
47
The prime concern at commercial or industrial structure is usually not rescue, but rather
Building collapse
48
With some exceptions, commercial and industrial properties are often single-story structures that contain high ceilings and open floorplans, creating the potential for
Large fire volumes
49
Lightweight building construction, including those structures that utilize trusses, are another concern for consideration. In building with these types of construction, fire may progress rapidly and increase collapse potential. The conventional wisdom calls for positioning the aerial apparatus at a ______ in such cases
Corner
50
In some departments with a two aerial response on the initial alarm, the _____ positions opposite the first aerial
Second aerial
51
When evaluating where to position and set up the aerial apparatus, ______ are major considerations
Building type and height
52
Sometimes referred to as the _______, this distance is helpful to the driver operator, as it allows him or her to know just how far the aerial apparatus will reach horizontally
Building line
53
At most commercial structures, the need for the aerial to perform or support a physical rescue is
Very low
54
Strip malls present with unique considerations. The locations of entrances and exits, particularly those with raised islands or pork chops, may limit ingress. Parking lot arrangement may impair turning or maneuvering. In some cases a traffic lane at the front of the structure may actually position the aerial in the collapse zone if the driver operator has not preplanned the complex. The height and depth of the front facade or parapet may impair roof access.
When such difficulties are suspected, the rear of the structure may offer a better option for the apparatus positioning
55
When deciding on which side of the strip mall the aerial should be placed, the evaluation should include the potential for
Fire spread
56
Many modern big box structures use ______
Tilt slab construction
57
Under fire conditions, Wall failure and roof collapse should be expected at these sites
Big box structures
58
As the aerial apparatus driver operator begins to approach the scene, he or she should dramatically slow down the vehicle at least_____Before the reported fire location
500ft
59
The _____ is defined as the horizontal separation distance between the wall of a structure and the positioned apparatus
Collapse zone
60
When presented with the narrow front but deep structure, a_______is usually best, as in allows a maximum sweep scrub of the structure and can offer an address any need for physical rescue, roof access, for elevated stream application.
Corner placement
61
Unless faced with a physical rescue or an immediate need for an elevated stream on the main body of fire, positioning ______is best left to lowrise residential structures such as private homes or small two to six unit apartment buildings three or fewer stories tall
Front and center
62
While the apparatus should always be position to go to work at any fire, whether the aerial device is needed for rescue is based on the
Rescue profile
63
The _____ will tell the officer whether ground ladders or the aerial is needed and which is the best choice
Rescue profile
64
The _____ are designed to keep the aerial and its chassis from tipping left to right, front to back, or both.
Outriggers
65
Is the complete extension of all stabilizers and is always the desired action
Full jacking
66
With ____, the stabilizers are not fully extended on the side of the aerial apparatus where the aerial will not be raised, lowered, or rotated to.
Short jacking
67
Only aerial apparatus with _______ can be short jacked, but not all H type stabilizers can accommodate this procedure
H type stabilizers
68
Modern aerial apparatus are equipped with an aerial _____ that prevents the aerial from being moved into a position in which stabilizers are not fully developed
Rotational interlock
69
The decision to use a short jacking side procedure must be based on a ______
Risk versus benefit analysis
70
A mission critical need that can be safely accomplished is the only justification for the use of ____
Short jacking
71
To guard against the tip/platform firefighter accidentally maneuvering the aerial device into wires, obstructions, or other hazards, it is best for the driver operator to stay_______, constantly observing the actions of the tip/platform and maintaining one hand on the turntable controls.
Positioned at the turntable
72
Use caution when maneuvering the aerial device, and maintain a minimum separation distance of at least ____ and preferably even further for distribution wires
10 ft
73
Loads should be positioned ______ not lateral to rungs, whenever possible
Perpendicular
74
The design of the modern aerial is based on the truss construction of the ladder and relies on the use of a
Class 3 lever
75
No more than ____ firefighters should occupy the extreme tip of an aerial ladder
Two
76
No more than _____ firefighters should occupy the platform unless the manufacturers specifications allow for additional firefighters
Three
77
When a prepiped water way us charged or a ladder pipe is affixed to the tip and charged with a hoseline, there is an additional load on the ladder. One hundred feet of 3 1/2 inch pipe or hose will hold more than _____ of water
600 pounds of water
78
Under ice and snow conditions it is best to not extend the aerial past ____ of its total length
95 percent
79
Whether in trading or at a structure fire, ay fire fighter climbing the aerial ladder or occupying the tip or platform of an aerial, even for brief periods, should wear and use a ______ meeting the requirements of NFPA 1983
Ladder belt
80
When the aerial ladder is being extended, retracted, or otherwise moved, the firefighter should not be in any location other than the
Platform
81
When the decision is made to conduct the rescue using the aerial apparatus, the driver operator must _______ it before deploying the ladder or platform to the victim
Position and stabilize
82
If a victim were to jump onto the aerial, the shock load might be too much and could result in damage rendering the aerial inoperable or, even worse, leading to a catastrophic failure. A 150 lb person jumping down just 5 ft will impact with more than _____ of force on the tip already loaded with the weight of the firefighter
750 pounds of force
83
When rescuing victims from a window, place the ladder tip or platform at the _____
Sill
84
Some firefighters prefer to position the floor of a platform at the ____
Sill or balcony railing height instead
85
If victims are on a roof or balcony, attempt to position the tip or platform ______ as much as possible
Over the edge as much as possible
86
Those individuals who are directly exposed to fire conditions are the
Top priority
87
When evaluating those victims in areas other than the immediate fire area, it may be best to have the aerial company ______
Shelter those people in place or direct them to use building features to isolate smoke
88
Regardless of the technique used, carrying a victim down the aerial ladder requires at least ______ firefighters: two for the carry and one more below the carrying team providing direction and guidance
Three firefighters
89
Whether the company is using an aerial ladder or platform, it is safer and faster to move the victim onto the aerial and then ___ the tip or platform to the ground versus trying to carry the victim or letting the person climb down
Lower
90
Regardless of whether the victims are carried down, walked down, or lowered, the load on the aerial must be anticipated and managed to
Prevent overloading
91
When performing horizontal ventilation via windows, position the aerial _____ of the ventilation location
Upwind
92
For vertical ventilation, the aerial should be positioned such that fire fighters accessing the roof will be able to ____ rapidly should conditions deteriorate or the IC so orders them to do so
Escape
93
For streams launched from the aerial, the reach will never be more than the apparatus design. Rarely are elevated streams operated elevations greater than 75°. In many cases the best results are produced when the stream is ______to the fire as possible
Low and close
94
Also, as the aerial becomes more horizontal, some reach of the aerial is lost due to the setback of the turntable centerline due to the needs of the
Stabilizers
95
Maximum reach and penetration are desirable qualities for an
Elevated stream
96
In particular exposure protection and cooling operations during hazardous materials incident are two times when a ____ may be of benefit
Fog pattern
97
On modern aerial apparatus with a prepiped water way, using a _____ is the best way to ensure the desired flow is delivered
Flow meter
98
While it is more commonly used for defensive operations, the _____ can also be used offensively
Elevated stream
99
Elevated streams can easily produce flows _____ that of a large handline
Two to four times
100
Whenever an elevated stream is flowed into a building, a large dead load is imposed on the structure. A flow of 1000 gpm equals ——- of water weight being added every minute
4 tons
101
When ordered to protect the exposure, the aerial company should direct the water from the elevated stream onto the ____ and not the fire
Exposure
102
As the aerial apparatus approaches and arrives at the incident, the driver operator must consult rapidly with the apparatus officer to determine the _______ for the company
Tactical priority
103
When victim removal is not immediately needed, a secondary ______ for firefighters operating in a fire area above the third floor becomes a priority
Means of egress
104
As with any fire before efforts are directed at extinguishment, the IC must ensure that the fire will not spread.
Priority 2 exposure protection
105
When called for by the IC, the application of an elevated stream by the aerial apparatus can be an effective tactic in the suppression of fire.
Priority 4 elevated stream operations
106
The adage that when the aerial goes up, the building comes down could not be further from the truth; it is not the position of the elevated stream, but rather the purpose of the stream that supports an
Offensive or defensive fighting effort
107
In more specific terms, there are three main types of aerial apparatus
Straight ladders
Elevated platforms
Articulating platforms
108
Aerial ladders and aerial platforms may be constructed of either
Aluminum or steel
109
On aerial platforms _______ are used to keep the basket level
Hydraulic cylinders
110
No manufacturer will include stabilizers whose use is optional; that is, all stabilizers are needed for the
Maximum safe operation of the aerial
111
Extend out following an arc, similar to the arc that might be created if you extended your arms above your head and then lowered them to your side without bending your elbow
Fold down stabilizers
112
Such stabilizers require a footprint to the h type stabilizers to deploy but unlike h type stabilizers cannot be
Short jacked
113
Additionally, the width of the stabilizer footprint reduces the effective reach of the aerial, as it requires the centerline of the turntable to be set back from the operating surface by ____
7 to 10 feet
114
Whenever the aerial PTO or stabilization system will not engage or operate or the aerial device will not perform one of the basic five basic maneuvers
It should be removed from service
115
Sweeping the A side of the structure will be easily accomplished from this position
Front and center relative to the structure
116
When a second aerial apparatus is dispatched on the initial alarm, it should usually _____ unless otherwise instructed by sop or sog or given an order by the ic
Stage
117
An aerial device that is extended more perpendicular than parallel to the apparatus may require the driver operator to reduce the load placed on the
Ladder or platform
118
At low rise apartments, parking or landscaping may increase the _____ and affect the positioning and reach of the apparatus
Setback
119
At mid rise apartments, the need for ______ will be greater than at other structures
Vertical reach
120
Looking at the front of the building the driver and the company officer should quickly determine the likely direction of fire spread and identify which side of the strip mall has the most uninvolved structure. It is this side that may have the
Greatest loss or fire spread potential
121
This distance must be equal to or greater than the height of the structure, including all features such as parapets, decorative finishes, and signs.
Collapse zone
122
Wind direction and fire and smoke conditions are indicators of the desired turntable location, which determines the _______ for the aerial
Scrub and sweep
123
The driver operator must work with the company officer to create a _______ of the structure at each working fire
Rescue profile
124
When a stabilizer cannot be fully deployed and its allowable per the operators manual, the apparatus may be short jacked on the
Non operational side
125
When the pump and the aerial are both needed, it is faster to set up the ______ and then place the pump in gear.
Aerial device first
126
When the terrain is even and level, ______ can be achieved
Maximum stabilization
127
Do not set stabilizers on top of a
Curb
128
The skilled in practice driver should be able to combine the maneuvers of raising lowering rotating and extending retracting the area with feathering of the controls to avoid
Fly fishing
129
Shock loads are equivalent to multiple _____ which the apparatus may not be designed to handle
Loads
130
Firefighters climbing onto or off of the tip/platform should avoid ______ the aerial and prevent it from bouncing up and down or side to side.
Shock loading
131
Newer aerials must support at least ____ at the tip with a 2:1 safety factor
250 pounds
132
If you are faced with one or two victims who need minimal assistance, perhaps ______ is the best option
Removing them
133
However, if there are multiple victims in one or more locations, it might be best to focus on _________ to reduce urgency of the situation
Controlling and containing the fire
134
Regardless of whether initial roof access is via ground or aerial ladder, fire fighters should be provided with
Two ways off the site
135
A _____ makes handling and maneuvering the victim easier and safer
Basket litter
136
Besides placing fire fighters into high positions for rescue or ventilation, the other major role of the aerial device is deployment of
Elevated streams
137
No matter what the positioning of the aerial apparatus, the reach of the fully extended aerial is roughly twice the
Vehicle length
138
To maximize stability and load bearing capacity of the aerial, operate the aerial extended over the _________, maintaining the aerials force in line with chassis and maximizing the load distribution onto all stabilizers we equally as possible
Over the cab or off the rear
139
Combining pressure gauges with a _____ will allow for the most accurate flow delivery
Flow meter
140
When the aerial company is ordered to protect a specific exposure, all considerations that arise when positioning the apparatus at the fire building must also be taken into account, with particular consideration given to the
Collapse zone
141
When operating a platforms nozzle over a fire or near an exposure, it is best to turn on the platforms
Sprinkler
142
Before retracting a charged waterway, it is best to ______ and open the drain
Uncharge it
143
In the event that the aerial is raised and operating and experiences a failure of its controls or power supply, it will be necessary to switch to the ______
Emergency system
