Chpt 15 General Senses Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Info processing
A
CNS
2
Q
The thalamus is in the
A
CNS
3
Q
Afferent and efferent
A
PNS
4
Q
Sensory input
A
Afferent
5
Q
Somatic and autonomic
A
Efferent
6
Q
Controls skeletal muscle
A
Somatic
7
Q
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
A
Autonomic
8
Q
Sympathetic and parasympathetic control
A
Cardiac and smooth muscle
9
Q
-60 mv
-70 mv
A
Threshold potential
Resting membrane potential
10
Q
Specialized cell that can detect stimuli
A
Sensory receptor
11
Q
Any detectable change in the environment
Anything that alters RMP in the 1st order neuron
A
Stimulus
12
Q
Any stimulus processed by the CNS
Anything that alters RMP in 2nd order neuron
A
Sensation
13
Q
Conscious awareness of a sensation
Process information at the level of awareness in the cerebral cortex
A
Perception
14
Q
Unique type of stimulus to which a receptor is sensitive
A
Receptor specificity
15
Q
Is the area monitored by a single receptor
A
Receptive field
16
Q
Change in RMP of the receptor cell
A
Receptor potential
17
Q
Any stimulus that generates an action potential in the first order neuron
A
Generator potential
18
Q
Conversion of a stimulus into a physiological response
A
Transduction
19
Q
1st order neuron is the receptor cell
A
General senses
20
Q
A specialized receptor cell releases neurotransmitter into the 1st order neuron
A
Specialized senses
21
Q
What are the general senses
A
Tactile receptors
General senses
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
Barorecptors
Chemoreceptors
22
Q
Olfaction (smell)
Gustation (taste)
Vision (sight)
Audition (hearing)
Equilibrium ( balance)
A
Special senses
23
Q
Detection of body position joint position
Ex. Throwing a baseball
A
Proprioception
General senses
24
Q
Detect High blood pressure, full bladder
A
Pressure baroreceptors
General senses
25
Stay the same
Homeostasis
26
Study of structures
Anatomy
27
Study of the functions of the structures
Physiology
28
Receptor structure General senses. Special senses
General senses Special senses
Simple 1st order neuron Complex special receptor that communicates to
the first order neuron
29
Receptor distribution General senses. Special senses
General senses Special senses
Generalized on surfaces of the body Located in special sensory organ
30
Central processing. General senses. Special senses
General senses Special senses
1st primary sensory cortex Specialized cortical region
Post sensory cortex
31
Receptive field. General senses. Special senses
General senses Special senses
Large Small
32
The pathway from the receptor cell to the brain is called
Labeled line
33
The CNS interprets that type of sensory information based on the _____ on which it arrives on
Labeled line
34
The brain interprets only the location and type of stimulus based upon the labeled line that carries that information. That labeled line also provides information to the brain about the intensity, duration, variation, and movement of a stimulus based on the pattern of the action potentials of the last neuron in that pathway. This is called
Sensory coding
35
“On” phase (releasing NT)
Or
“Off” phase (not releasing NT)
FAST ADAPTING
Phasic receptor
36
Always “on” they can (release NT)
They can increase or decrease anatomy release
Slow Adaptation
Tonic receptors
37
Decrease in sensitivity due to a constant stimulus
Adaptation
38
Decrease in sensitivity occurs at the receptor cell that is in the periphery
Peripheral adaptation
39
Decrease in sensitivity at the sensory nucleus along the pathway
Central adaptation
40
Is the detection of pain or algesia.
Are free nerve ending and are abundant in skin (dermis), periosteum, and walls of vessels
Nociception
41
There are very few _______ in the viscera, and they have a very large receptive field, making it difficult to pinpoint the source if abdominal pains.
Nociceptors
42
There are Nociceptors that respond to three different types of stimuli
Physical distortion
Extreme temperatures
Extreme PH
43
Fast or sharp pain ( at instant of injury)
Myelinated and large diameter axon
Type A fibers
44
Slow or dull pain (aches/soreness of injury)
Unmylinated and smaller diameter
Type C fibers
45
Is pain from an organ or area of the body that is detected as coming from a different area
Referred pain
46
People having a heart attack often describe this pain as coming from the left arm even though the left arm is fine, it is the heart that is feeling the pain.
Referred pain
47
Is pain felt in a limb that has been amputated
Phantom pain
48
Is the the detection of rapid changes in temperature
Thermoreception
49
Are free nerve endings and are located very high in the dermis, just below the epidermis, as well as in the skeletal muscles and hypothalamus. They are receptors that respond to either cold or hot temperatures, and are histologically similar. It is thaought that cold receptors are more numerous than hot receptors, so we respond more quickly to small decreases in temperature. They are phasic and adapt quickly.
Thermoreceptors
50
Respond to stimuli that physically distort their cell membrane
Mechanorecptors
51
Free nerve endings
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Tactile receptors
52
Fine or lite touch, found in hairy skin
Merkels discs
Tactile receptors
53
Fine or lite touch, found in hairless skin
Soles of feet, palm of hand, genitalia
Meissners corpusles
Tactile receptors
54
Deep pressure
Pacinnian corpuscles
Ruffin corpuscles
Tactile receptors
55
Free nerve endings
Root hair plexus
Merkels discs
Meissners corpuscles
Pacinnian corpuscles
Ruffins corpuscles
Tactile touch receptors
56
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Proprioceptors
57
Tension and stretch in the muscle
Muscle spindles
58
Stretch and the tension in the tendons the muscles attach for
Golgi tendon organs
59
Provide information about body position, joint position, and movement
Proprioceptors
60
Detect changes in pressure in walls of some blood vessels, the digestive organs (stomach, intestines, colon,) the urinary bladder and the respiratory tract.
Barorecptors
61
Baroreceptors that monitor and measure blood pressure
Carotid and aortic bodies
62
In the carotid and aortic bodies and other places detect changes in concentration of certain chemicals (glucose, o2, CO2) and substances (minerals like NA+, K+, CA2+, CL-, and H+) in our blood and body fluids.
Chemoreceptors
63
The _____ in the viscera of the body DO NOT communicate to the post central gyrus and the cerebral cortex so we are never consciously aware of changes in concentration of the substances.
Chemoreceptors
64
4 functions of mucus
Protects tissue from drying out keeps it moist
Trap and wash away debris
Traps and dissolves ordorants enhance sense of smell
65
The direction something is moving across the surface of the body (wrapped around the hair follicle)
Root hair plexus
Tactile touch receptors
66
The _____ include sensations of touch & vibration (tactile receptors), temperature (Thermoreceptors), pain (nocioreceptors), Proprioception (Proprioceptors), pressure baraceptors, and some chemorecption (internal chemoreceptors)
General senses
67
Location and type of stimulus
Labeled line
68
Are free nerve endings and are abundant in skin, periosteum, and walls of vessels .
Nociceptors
69
Intensity and duration
Sensory coding
70
Pain is ________?
Algesic
71
Pain fibers are _____?
Tonic receptors
72
are phasic and adapt quickly
Thermoreceptors
73
Their membranes have many mechanically regulated ion channels that open and close in response to stretching, pinching, bending, and vibrating the membrane.
Mechanoreceptors
74
The hypothalamus has many
Chemoreceptors
75
The _______ are sensory structures located in the carotid arteries and aortic artery, respectively, that detect blood gas levels.
Carotid bodies and aortic bodies
76
Desensitizing at the site no new stimulus allowed
Peripheral adaptation
77
Old stimulus filtered out new stimulus is allowed
Central adaptation
78
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribiform plate then synapse on neurons on the ?
Olfactory bulb
79
Basal cells turn into support cells that turn into new ?
Olfactory cells
80
Granular cells (bowman’s glands) are located in the
Lamina propia
81
These glands secrete a mucus to protect the epithelium
Bowman’s glands
82
Olfactory epithelium contains these cells?
Olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory cilia
Basal cells
Goblet cells
83
Secrete mucus
Goblet cells
84
Olfactory transduction
1. Ordorant to OBP
2. OBP to ADC
3. ADC to 1000 CAMP
4. Camp ion channels
5. RMP to olfactory nerve
