chpt 24: digestive system Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
overall function of the digestive system
A
breakdown nutrients so enzymes, growth, cell division, repair and heat can take place
2
Q
in depth functions of the digestive system
A
- ingestion
- secretion
- mixing and propulsion (Molitiy)
- digestion
- absorption
- defecation
3
Q
what is the secretion function of the digestive sys
A
secrete acids, water, buffers, enzymes
4
Q
how Many liters of secretion does the digestive system secrete
A
7 L
5
Q
function of enterendocrine cells
A
- secrets enzymes and hormones
6
Q
what are the organs G1 or digestive canal
A
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestines
- large intestines
- anal canal
7
Q
the accessory digestive organs
A
- mouth
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary glands
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
8
Q
are the accessory digestive organs involved in secertions
A
no, they aid
9
Q
peritoneum function
A
- covers and protects organs (visceral)
- covers cavity (partial)
10
Q
what are the folds to each other and to other organs of digestive system called
A
- peritoneum
11
Q
names of peritoneum folds
A
- greater omentum
- falciform ligament
- lesser omentum
- mesentery
- mesicolon
- retroperitoneal organs
12
Q
which is the longest peritoneum fold
A
- greater omentum
13
Q
location of greater omentum
A
- drapes over transverse colon
- coils s.i (like a fatty apron)
(beer belly)
14
Q
which peritoneum fold/ ligament attaches the liver to ant abdominal wall and diaphragm
A
- falciform ligament
15
Q
lesser omentum location/ organs near by
A
- suspends the stomachs and duodenum from liver
16
Q
which peritoneum fold binds the jejunum and ileum (s.i) to post abdominal wall
A
mesentery
17
Q
mesicolon location/ organ / function
A
- binds the transverse the colon and sigmoid colon (s.i) to post abdominal wall
18
Q
which organs are part of the retroperitoneal organs
A
- ascending and deciding colon
- duodenum
- pancreas
- kidneys
19
Q
layers of the GI tract
A
- mucosa
- submuscosa
- muscularis
- serosa
20
Q
which is the innermost lining/ forms the lumen of the GI tract
A
- mucosa
21
Q
structures/ cells in the mucosa layer
A
- epithelial cells
- lamina propia (MALT)
- muscualris mucosa
22
Q
epithelial cells functions
A
- absorbs nutrients
- contain enteroendocrine cells
23
Q
which mucosa structure contains mucosa- associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
A
lamina propia
24
Q
what structures does the lamina propria contain
A
- MALT
- areolar CT, bv, lymphatic vessel
25
function of MALT
- immune response
| - supports epithelial (superior) and muscualris mucosa (inferior)
26
structures in the submucosa
- collagenous fibers
- nerves (sym and para sym)
- bv
- submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)
27
which layer of the GI tract is highly vascular
submuscosa
28
function of submucosal plexuses / plexuses of messiner (portion of ENS)
- regulates activity of mucosa (secretion + increases and decrease surface sa)
- hormones from epithelium
- vasoconstriction of bv
- innervates secretory cells of mucosal glands
29
which GI tract layer increases the diameter and can store 5L of worth of food (increases capacity of stomach)
Muscularis
30
location myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach
- muscularis
31
what muscularis plexus is responsible for controls GI tract molilty/ movement
myenteric plexuses/ plexus of aurebach
32
serosa is the ___ structure of the GI tract
outermost and is suspended in abdominal cavity
33
type of cell is the serosa made of
mesothelium ( secrets mucous)
34
function of serosa
- secrete a serous fluid
35
which GI tract has a epithelium portion/ visceral pertioneum that lubricates and prevent friction
serosa
36
muscularis mucosa functions
- smooth muscles fibers to increase surface area
| - controls diameter of lumen
37
which GI tract layer has circular muscles and longitude muscles
- muscularis
38
teeth aka dentes structures
- enamel
- dentin
- dentinal tubule
- pulp cavity
- cement
- root canal
- periodontal ligament
- apical formamen
- crown
- neck
- roots
39
crown is
the exposed
40
what is the completely embedded structure of the teeth
root
41
what is the 2nd hardest CT
enamel
42
enamel funciton
- protects the tooth from wear and tear
43
what structure makes up the majority of the tooth (tiny channels)
dentin
44
dentinal tubule function
- secrets stuff
45
which tooth structure contains dental pulp (connective tissue containing nerves and bv)
- pulp cavity
46
cement function
- attaches the root to the periodontal ligaments
47
what is an extension of pulp cavity that contains nerves and bv
root canal
48
periodontal ligament function
helps anchor tooth to underlying bones
| - makes the gomphosis joint
49
what is an opening at the base of root canal called
apical foramen
50
function of stomach
- mixing area
- hold food
- digestion
- secrete gastric juices
- secrete hormones ( pepsin, gastic lipase, pancreatic lipase)
51
function of pepsin
- protein digesting enzyme
52
which enzyme is responsible for digesting triglyceride
gastric lipase
53
pancreatic lipase function
fat digesting enzyme
54
what are 4 regions of the stomach
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pyloric part
55
cardia structure
- initial part of stomach where the esophagus enters
56
which region of the stomach is for food storage
fundus
57
body of stomach function
- mixing
58
regions of the pyloric part
- pyloric antrum
- pyloric canals
- pylorus
- pyloric sphincter
59
function of pyloric sphincter
- regulates things into duodenum
60
where is food mixed in the pyloric part of the stomach
- pyloric antrum , connects to body of stomach
61
pylorus function
- connects duodenmun
| - regulates enter of chyle
62
stomach secretions
- surface mucous cells
- mucous neck cells
- parietal cell
- chief cells aka zymogenic
- g cell
63
what endocrine cell secrets gastrin and controls muscle activity for mixing food
g cell
64
function of surface and mucous cells
- secrets mucous
| - help protect against gastic juices
65
- what endocrine cell secrets HCL + has intrinsic factor ( for amino acids)
parietal cell
66
chief cell aka zymogenic function
- secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase
67
pancreatic amylase function
- digests enzymes
68
what pancreas enzymes digest proteins
- trypsin
- chymotrypsin
- carboxypeptidase
- elaste
69
which duct joins the common bile duct from liver and gall bladder to secrete into the pancreas
pancreatic duct (duct wirsung)
70
hepatopancreatioc amuplla structure
- dilated common duct
71
function of accessory duct/ duct of Santorini
smaller duct
| - leads from pancreas and empties into duodenum
72
function of gall bladder
stores biles
73
name of function unit of liver that produces bile
hepatocytes
74
function and structure of hepatic laminae
- spread work of hepatocytes
- surrounded by hepatic veins
- drain deoxy blood
75
what are the small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile
bile canacliculi
76
movement of bile
bile canaliculi -> bile ductules -> bile ducts -> hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct -> cystic duct -> bile duct -> duodenum
77
what does the bile duct merge to form
hepatic ducts
78
location of common hepatic duct q
outside liver
79
common hepatic duct + cystic duct from gall bladder =
bile duct
80
hepatic sinusoid function, structure and location
- highly permeable blood capillaries b/w hepatic laminae
| - converge and deliver blood to central vein
81
bile duct + branch of hepatic artery + branch of hepatic portal vein =
portal triad
82
what type of cells are the stellate reticuloendothelial cells
macrophages in liver
83
S. I function
complete digestion and absorption
84
function of absorptive cells of epithelium
digest and absorb nutrients in si
85
which cells of the si secrete mucous for protection
- goblet cells
86
muscosa cells of si are lined with
glandular epithelium
87
function of intestinal gland ( crypts of lieberkuhn) cells
secrete interstinal juices
88
which si cells secrete lysosomes for phagocytosis
paneth cells
89
what do enteroendocrine cells secrete
secretin, cholecystokinin or GIP
90
what cells are located in the mucosa of the SI
- enterendocrine cells WHICH SECERTE
- s cells
- cck cells
- k cells
91
function of s cells
secrete secretine
92
which cells secrete cholecystokinin
cck cells
93
K cells secretion
GIP
94
parts of the si
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
95
what si structure has groups of lymphatic aggregate lymphatic follies aka peters patches
- ileum
96
what structure of the submucosa of si secrets alkaline mucous that helps neutralize acids from the stomach
- duodenal brunines gland
97
function of larger I
- haustral churning: contractions and squeezing the contents
| - peristalsis (slow wave of contraction)
98
what are the 4 regions of the LI
- cecum (meets the ilium)
- colon
- rectum
- canal
99
function of absorptive cells in large I
absorb water
100
which cells secrete mucous that lubrcates the canal in the large intestine
goblet cells
101
what is rugae
Muscular folds within the stomach
102
greater curvature location
superior fundus to plyrois
103
lesses curvature location
b/w cardia and plyorus
104
what is the pyloric Antrim a part of
mixing area / body of stomach
105
pyloric canal function
directs chyme to pyloric
106
which large intestine is the appendix attached to
cecum
107
function of mesoappendix
attach appendix to inferior part of the mesentery of ileum
108
function of intestinal juice
secreted by si to provide a vehicle for absorption of substances from chyme
