chpt 25: urinary sys

Question 1

main function of the uriniary system

Answer 1

• filter BLOOD to make urine

Question 2

kidney location

Answer 2

• retroperitoneal region

- post abdominal region between T 12 and L3

Question 3

which kidney is lower and why

Answer 3

L cuz liver pushes it down

Question 4

which ribs partially protect the kidney

Answer 4

11 and 12

Question 5

renal hilum meaning

Answer 5

area where ureters, bv, lymphatic vessels and nerves enters the kidney

Question 6

what structure expands into the renal sinus

Answer 6

renal hilum

Question 7

function renal sinus

Answer 7

contains part of renal pelvis, calyces, branches of renal bv and nerves

Question 8

what is the innermost structure that shapes and acts as a barrier against trauma for the kidney

Answer 8

renla capsule

Question 9

function of the adipose capsule of kidney

Answer 9

• cushion/ protect kidney from trauma

- holds kidney firmly within abdominal cavity

Question 10

what kidney layer is the outermost and responsible for achoring kidney to abdominal wall

Answer 10

renal fasciae

Question 11

renal cortex is the

Answer 11

outermost region of the kidney

Question 12

what internal kidney structure contains nephrons

Answer 12

renal cortex

Question 13

colour of renal cortex

Answer 13

• light red

Question 14

nephrons function

Answer 14

filter blood

Question 15

what structure of the kidney contains renal pyramids and renal columns

Answer 15

• renal medulla

Question 16

what kidney structure is dark red- brown in colour

Answer 16

renal medulla

Question 17

renal pyramids structure

Answer 17

base

apex/ narrow end/ renla papilla

Question 18

what renal pyramid structure faces the renal cortex

Answer 18

basw

Question 19

what does the apex. narrow end/ renal papilla of renal pyramid face

Answer 19

renal hilum

Question 20

what is the name of the portion between the renal cortex and renla pyramids

Answer 20

renal coloums

Question 21

movement of fluid through nephron

Answer 21

Bowmans capsule –> proximal convoluted tubule –> descending loop of Henle –> asscending loop –> distal convoluted tubule

Question 22

what nephron structure drains into the collecting duct

Answer 22

distal convualoted tubule

Question 23

movement of filtrate

Answer 23

collecting duct –> papillary ducts –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> Renal cavity –> ureter –> urninary bladder

Question 24

when/ where does filtrate become urine and cannot be reabsorbed

Answer 24

minor calyx

Question 25

blood flow to kidney

Answer 25

renal artery --> segmental artery --> interlobar artery --> arcuate arter --> afferent artery --> glomerulus --> efferent artery --> particular capillary --> vactus recta --> renal vein

Question 26

where does filtration occur

Answer 26

- glomerulus

Question 27

structures of a nephron

Answer 27

renal tubule | - renal corpuscles

Question 28

structures in the renal corpuscle

Answer 28

- glomerulus | - glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

Question 29

what nephron structure is located in the renal cortex

Answer 29

renal corpuscle

Question 30

glomerulus is the

Answer 30

network of capillaries

Question 31

what structure surrounds the glomerulus

Answer 31

glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

Question 32

function of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

Answer 32

receive filtrate from capillaries

Question 33

structure of glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

Answer 33

visceral layer | parietal layer

Question 34

what makes up the inner wall of the glomeurual (Bowmans) capsule

Answer 34

podocytes

Question 35

function of podocytes

Answer 35

filtrate barrier

Question 36

where does the filter fluid pass and is regulated

Answer 36

renal tubule

Question 37

what structure takes filtrate from cortex to calyx

Answer 37

renal tubule

Question 38

structure of the renal tubule

Answer 38

- proximal convoluted tubule - loop of henle - distal convoluted tubule

Question 39

location of proximal and distal convulated tubule

Answer 39

renal cortex

Question 40

what nephron structure is located in the renal medulla and the cortex

Answer 40

loop of henle

Question 41

principle cells on the collecting duct have

Answer 41

receptor cells for ADH and aldosterone

Question 42

which cells are responsible for a homeostatic role in blood pH

Answer 42

- intercalated cells

Question 43

sequence through which stuff passes through in nephron

Answer 43

fenestration (pore) of glomerualr endothelial cells --> basal lamina --> slip membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes

Question 44

what is the innermost layer of the glomerulus that prevents filtration of blood cells and allows compotes of the blood plasma to pass through

Answer 44

fenestration pore

Question 45

basal lamina of glomerulus structure

Answer 45

- bv and nerves | - middle layer

Question 46

function of the basal lamina of glomerulus

Answer 46

- prevents larger proteins (glucose and amino acids) through

Question 47

which barrier of the glomerulus is the Bowmans capsules

Answer 47

membrane b/w pedicles / podocytes

Question 48

which barrier is responsible for preventing filtration of medium sized proteins

Answer 48

membrane b/w pedicles / responsible

Question 49

glomerulal filtration function

Answer 49

- blood plasma and small substances get filleted

Question 50

tubular reabsorption structures involved

Answer 50

renal tuble (proximal and collecting duct)

Question 51

what is the glomerulus and the Bowmans capulsue responsible for

Answer 51

glomerulal filtration

Question 52

when do components enter the peritbular capillary

Answer 52

tubular reabsorption

Question 53

tubular secretion is

Answer 53

the secretion of material from the blood to Renal tubules

Question 54

what is secreted back into the renal tubule and collecting duct

Answer 54

H, K, ammonium ions, creatinine, penicillin | -

Question 55

significance of H being secreted

Answer 55

control pH

Question 56

ureter function

Answer 56

takes urnine from renal pelvis to bladder

Question 57

what structure in the bladder is the urethral openings

Answer 57

trigone

Question 58

what layer of the urinary bladder permits stretching

Answer 58

mucosa, has urothelium

Question 59

structures in the muscular layer of the bladder

Answer 59

sphincters

Question 60

internal urethra sphincter is the

Answer 60

involuntary control

Question 61

which sphincter has voluntary control

Answer 61

external urethra sphincter

Question 62

opening of the uretha is called

Answer 62

external urteheral oriface

Question 63

what does the urethra pass through in males

Answer 63

prostate, deep perineal and pens

Question 64

3 regions of the urethra

Answer 64

- prostatic urethra - intermediate urethra - spongy urethra

Question 65

function of prostatic urethra

Answer 65

- pass through prostate gland | - receive secretion containing sperm, sperm motility, vaibailty factors, and substances that neutralize the pH

Question 66

which is the shortest urethra and passes through the perineum

Answer 66

intermediat urethra

Question 67

spongy urethra function

Answer 67

- passes through penis - longest - receives mucus and substances that neutralize

Question 68

what structure does semen pass through during ejaculation

Answer 68

- prostatic urethra - intermediate urethra - spongy urethra

Question 69

function of renin

Answer 69

regulate BP and blood volume

Question 70

which hormone is response for maintain Ca2+ levels

Answer 70

calcitrol

Question 71

function of erthroprotein

Answer 71

regular blood cell production

Question 72

gluconogensis function

Answer 72

turn glutamine to glucose

Question 73

what hormones does the urinary system release

Answer 73

- calitrol - erthoproteins - renin

Question 74

function of urinary system

Answer 74

- regulation of blood pH, blood volume, BP, blood osmolarity, hormones, blood glucose level - exception of waster and foreign substances