CHRISTANITY PAPER 1 Flashcards

Question

what is the role of jesus in slavation?

Answer 1

when Jesus died on the cross his death paid for human sins (atonement) and gave people a chance of salvation

Answer 2

- receiving sacraments of baptism and confirmation - receiving sacraments of reconciliation - receiving sacrament of the eucharist - leading a Christian life

Answer 3

through a personal acceptance of jesus as Lord and saviour

Answer 4

- w/o salvation sins will prevent people from having a relationship with god in this life and they will be sent to hell - its the only way they can have an eternal life with god - salvation from sin was the purpose of Jesus (Christ's passion) who brought forgiveness

Answer 5

christ offered himself a sacrifice for human sin as an act of love, through this he showed his father's love for humanity

Answer 6

the betrayal, arrest and trials and crucifixion of jesus

Answer 7

God's justice means that he needs to punish human sin, but instead he took it on himself through jesus's death on the cross. therefore salvation comes through faith in atoning the death of christ by taking jesus as one's lord and saviour

Answer 8

jesus brought atonement by acting as a moral example to humanity. through his teachings, examples and death on the cross he showed god's love to humankind. salvation comes from living the Christian life and following the teachings and example of jesus

Answer 9

conservative, fundamentalist Christians: w/o salvation there wont be a full relationship with god so you cannot go to heaven. atoning the death of god's son was the only way to bring salvation liberal: inspires them to live a good Christian life as it will bring them salvation

Answer 10

when people die their soul remains in the grave until the last day, then there will be the second coming of jesus, the dead will be raised and given resurrection bodies, they appear for final judgement and either go to heaven or hell (for eternity)

Answer 11

it was jesus's body that physically rose from the dead and his resurrection body was different from his earthly body , taught by St Paul in corinthians

Answer 12

there is a spirit world where god can be experienced in a more immediate way than on earth, the nature of this world and the afterlife depends on what the person believes and how good they will live their life

Answer 13

the belief that after the ascension, jesus became a spirit and went to the spirit world. references in the gospel show that abraham and moses being able to be communicated with in heaven so they must be in the spiritual world

Answer 14

mixture of resurrection and immortality, CCC teaches that purified Christians will all go to heaven, those that died with unforgiven sins go to purgatory to be purified, evil people go to hell. on day of judgement there will be a new heaven and earth where souls in heaven and purgatory will live, souls in hell go back to hell

Answer 15

all christians will eventually go to heaven, any good followers of other religions will also go to heaven, others go to hell

Answer 16

a catholic place where christians who died with unforgiven sins go to get purified of their sins to go to heaven

Answer 17

it has no biblical foundation, Article 22/2=39 says "The Roman Doctrine concerning Purgatory is grounded upon no scripture ... but rather repugnant in the word of god"

Answer 18

- belief in resurrection comes from St Pauls's teachings - belief in immortality of the soul comes from Jesus's promise to the robber crucified with him - final judgement is taught in many bible passages

Answer 19

- christians know that if their body is destroyed they will have a non-physical home in heaven - christians long to be in heaven, their goal - as heaven is goal Christian should do all they can to please god whilst on earth - they do this as they know the final judgement is based upon their beliefs and actions on earth

Answer 20

- what happens after death is dependent upon their actions on earth so they try to live a good christian life following the bible - sin prevents people from going to heaven so they would avoid committing sins or repent for them as those who die with unforgiven sins go to hell - these belief give their life meaning and purpose as they would live their life in a way to go to heaven. seen is surveys where christians are found to be less likely to suicide then atheists

Answer 21

suffering caused by humans misusing their free will

Answer 22

suffering that hasn't been cause by humans e.g. volcanos, tornados

Answer 23

- if omnipotent then why cannot he get rid of natural evil - if omnibenevolent then why isn't he sympathetic on those who go through innocent suffering e.g. terminally ill babies - if omniscient then he must have known so much natural evil would happen so would create universe in a different way to avoid evil and suffering

Answer 24

only 2 can be true at once: god is omnipotent, god is omnibenevolent, existence of evil

Answer 25

- people cannot believe a good god can create a world with natural evil so its easier to say it formed from the big bang and reject god's existence - hard to believe god allows humans to cause suffering and evil when he can stop it, existence of this suffering may mean that god does not exist

Answer 26

- no point of worrying as humans don't understand god's reason for doing things - book of job in old testament where once he saw gods greatness he realised humans had no right to question him - pslams show that suffering is an intended part of life, the other side of suffering is joy as they go side by side

Answer 27

- good created humans with free will to do either good or evil, so suffering caused by humans is the result of them misusing their free will - evil and suffering are not problems as they are part of a plan where those who suffer are rewarded with eternal paradise. they make their souls better as they get a chance to become good people (vale of soul making)

Answer 28

Maximilian Kobe, a friar was sent to Auschwitz where he continued his priestly ministry discreetly, hearing many confessions and smuggling bread and wine for mass. when a married man with kids was being executed he offered to take his place

Answer 29

jesus commanded his followers to respond to suffering by helping those who suffer, he regarded evil and suffering as something to fight against, he healed the sick + fed the hungry etc

Answer 30

- intercessionary prayers: praying for those who suffer so god can ensure the right type of relief is provided - offering practical help to those who suffer: not just pray but do as jesus healed the sick, fed the hungry. christian founded charities like the christian aid to ease suffering in less developed countries

Answer 31

- couple can have a lifelong relationship of love - couple can have support and comfort of each other, have sex for procreation of children - way of couples to show love for each other and gain god's grace to help them in their married life

Answer 32

- created by god as a way of establishing and preserving society - only acceptable way of having a sexual relationship - christian families are brought thru marriage, new life is brought into the church

Answer 33

- marriage is up to an individual provides a: - stable legal and financial backing to relationship - more social acceptance of relationship - more stable home for family - public way to declare and celebrate couple's love

Answer 34

3 chruches responded: 1) roman catholic + conservative protestant churches, condemns NR attidue and christians should refrain from having sex until christian marriage 2) liberal protestant churches, may live together before marriage, have to marry when starting family, only accepts sexual relationship between 2 people committed to a long term relationship as cohabitation is a step to marriage 3) most <40 churchgoers ignored church teachings, survey says 61% had sex before marriage 56% saw it appropriate to move in after dating for 6 months

Answer 35

- premarital sex - sex before marriage - cohabitation - 2 people living together in a sexual relationship without being married - same sex sexual relationship - homosexuality - extramartital sex - married person has sexual relationship with someone other than martial partner

Answer 36

given to humans for the joy, pleasure and bonding of a married couple and for procreation of children

Answer 37

1) most are opposed to sex outside marriage as: bible says fornication is sinful, CCC teaches premartial sex is wrong, adultery breaks wedding vows of being faithful to each other, adultery is condemned in 10 commandments, jesus condemned adultery 2) some christians accept that people may have sex before marriage: liberal protestants dont regard premarital sex as sinful but expect them to marry when starting a family

Answer 38

premarital sex is only acceptable in certain limits: - must be consensual - be between people of age - partners are single - no payment is involved - involves a degree of stability - sex must be safe

Answer 39

being homosexual isnt a sin, having a gay relationship is, doesnt accept same sex marriage, less opposed to civil partnership, sinful to harass homosexuals, they have this because: - bible condemns homosexual sexual activity - sex should be creative, gay sex isn't creative - marriage is for men and women to join as one and raise a family - church says people can help sexual orientation but can control activity - everyone has dignity as they all are the image of god

Answer 40

it is a sin, there should be no homosexual christians, recently said they repudiate homophobia and call all christians to welcome them like others because: - bible condemns homosexuality, they believe bible is the direct word of god (literalist) - salvation of christ can remove all sins including homosexuality - homosexuality is sinful as all churches taught this even though some say its now acceptable

Answer 41

homosexual relationships are acceptable and they are welcomed in the church, happy to provide blessings for civil partnership but not same sex marriages as they cannot be equated to christian marriage. because: - teachings of bible need to be interpeted in light of modern knowledge, anti-homosexual texts were reflection of jewish cultures not word of god - major christian belief is in love and acceptance - recent scientific studies show homosexuality maybe caused by biological factors so its part of a person's nature - christians should be open and honest, refusing rights to gay people makes them hypocritical and dishonest

Answer 42

happy to celebrate same sex marriages in their churches and they are happy for homosexuals to be ministers and priests

Answer 43

no problem, others sexuality isnt their concern as it interferes with human rights

Answer 44

condemns attitude, christian homosexuals should refrain from having sex, same sex marriages shouldn't be legal, say that marriage is between men and women in a faithful, lifelong union

Answer 45

welcomes homosexuals into the church, allows gay clergy to be bishops, Quakers in Britain give homosexuals equal right and celebrate same sex marriage with same religious service

Answer 46

no longer agree with official teachings, all research shows most christians are inline with NR views rather than church

Answer 47

nuclear, single parent, same sex, extended, blended,

Answer 48

mother, father, children living together as one unit

Answer 49

children living in families that have one parent

Answer 50

3 generations are living in the same house / in close proximity and have frequent contact with and reliance on each other

Answer 51

2 separate families are joined together when parents decide to marry or cohabit

Answer 52

- family was created by god as a basic unit of society and as the only place children should be brought up - main purposes of marriage is to have children and raise them in a secure and loving way - place where children are introduced to the faith through baptism - has the duty of instilling moral values into children

Answer 53

- some think its to provide love and security, education so they know what religion they want to follow. not the role of family to make christians - others think its duty of parents to provide love, security, safety, christian upbringing, family should encourage children to develop their own ideas which may be different from parents

Answer 54

- to bring up children safely and securely until they are mature enough to look after themselves - to pass on moral values so they become good citizens - to provide emotional and financial support throughout life

Answer 55

area round a local church

Answer 56

a collection of parishes under the jurisdiction of a bishop

Answer 57

- have local church primary and secondary school connected to them which provide christian education and worship alongside standard ones - many explore new ways to become family friendly by includes new forms of worship as it strengthens the family - run sunday schools where kids can learn about christianity whilst in a child centred environment whilst parents are in church

Answer 58

- have a duty to help children baptised/dedicated in church - Church teaches main purpose of marriage is to have children in a loving environment, parish has responsibility to assist in that task - family is place children are introduced to faith so if the parish doesn't help then Christianity won't grow and the Church would have failed

Answer 59

- raising children means taking them to church regularly which needs church to be helpful to children - teaching children about Christianity needs knowledge which parents might lack so sunday schools are helpful - being part of a larger family of the church, which will give help if needed, is a source of comfort and strength for family

Answer 60

male condoms, female condoms, diaphragms, combined contraceptive pill

Answer 61

natural family planning (NFP): planning sex around most infertile times of cycle, device to measure hormone levels in urine

Answer 62

- sex is a gift from god as as source of joy and pleasure to married couples (unitive purpose) as well as creating family (creative purpose) - artificial methods goes against god's intentions, NFP only because: - in humane vitae, pope condemned all artificial methods, NFP is natural so is part of god's creation - artificial methods separate unitive and creative aspects of sex which isn't what god intended - catholic church regards it as a major cause of sexual promiscuity, which broke families and increased divorce rates

Answer 63

- all forms are ok if used to restrict size of family but not to stop having children completely because: - Christianity is about love, contraception improves maternal health and raises standard of living - nothing in bible forbids use of contraception - better to combat STDs thru artificial methods than expect everyone to follow Christian teachings

Answer 64

in favour, prevents unwanted children from being born, improves material and emotional standard of living, prevents spread of STDs

Answer 65

- protestants and orthodox christians: agree - roman catholic church says only use NFP - catholics have accepted NR attitudes

Answer 66

- jesus seems to ban divorce and remarriage, but in others he seems to allow divorce due to adultery - St Paul says christians shouldn't divorce but if they do they must not remarry

Answer 67

- doesnt allow either as it is a sacrament and can only be dissolved by death of one of the partners or annulment - allows for legal separation if they find it impossible to live with each other as they are still married in eyes of god - if no divorce then no remarry because: - jesus taught divorce was wrong - couple have made a covenant with god which cant be broken by an earthly power - CCC says marriage cannot be dissolved so divorce is impossible

Answer 68

- think divorce is wrong but allow it if marriage is broken down - allows divorced people to remarry if they promise that this one will be for life because: - jesus allowed divorce for adultery - in certain situations christians must choose "lesser of two evils" - allowed forgiveness and a new chance if they confess their sins so it applies to remarriage as well if they are determined to make it work for second time

Answer 69

- all married couples should have the right to divorce if they feel the marriage has failed - divorce should make sure both partners are equal in terms of financial arrangements - divorce should make sure all children are provided for - any divorced person is a single person so has the right to remarry

Answer 70

some do not believe in marriage so they would just cohabit. many have the same attitude to humanists.

Answer 71

the should have equal roles as they were created equal

Answer 72

men have the dominant role and could be used to say that women have to care for the home and children while men have to work and provide for material needs of the family

Answer 73

they have separate and different roles, women raise children and run home, men provide for family, only men can be church leaders and teachers -> because: - genesis 2 about Adam being created first - disciples of Jesus being men - St Paul in Ephesians about husband being head of wife - St Paul in Corinthians about women's appearance

Answer 74

men and women are equal: -> because: - genesis 1, men and women are created at same time - St Paul in galatians where christ is neither male or female - jesus treated his women like equals, had female disciples stay with him at the cross while male disciples ran away, jesus appeared first to women after resurrection

Answer 75

men and women should have equal roles in family -> because: - basis of gensis 1 church teaches men and women have equal status in the sight of god - in roman catholic marriage priest says "may her husband put trust in her and recognise her as his equal"

Answer 76

in 1965 it was traditional but now its completely changed to become more equal, many suffragettes were humanists

Answer 77

men and women have separate roles so they cant have equal rights, women shouldn't speak in church(St Paul) and submit to their husbands, don't see as discrimination as its what God ordained in new testament which is final word of god

Answer 78

men and women have equal roles and rights, genesis 1 where they are created at the same time, women can study and teach in theological colleges and be extraordinary ministers of holy communion, only men can be priests as apostles were all men

Answer 79

men and women have equal rights and roles, have female bishops + priests + ministers -> because: - genesis 1 both genders were created at the same time - letters of Paul teach Christ was neither male or female - evidence from gospel shows jesus treated women as equals - some evidence that women was priests in early church

Answer 80

organisations of christians who believe that church's refusal to have female priests is gender discrimination, campaigned for the ordination of women as priests in CoE

Answer 81

men and women are equal and have equal rights, pressure of equal-pay for women and to end sex discrimination came from non-religious politicians

Answer 82

homage or reverence paid to a deity

Answer 83

public worship in a church that uses a service book with set prayers and rituals so everything is in the same format

Answer 84

Roman Catholic, Orthodox, many Anglican churches

Answer 85

public worship in church without set prayers or rituals, music is often a major part, prayers are extempore(said w/o prep) prayers

Answer 86

worshipping god by saying grace before meals at home, in church its usually for families and kids where its based on fun

Answer 87

worshipping god at certain times on their own, reading bible alone

Answer 88

- worship in home: home at heart of life and family brings people together when they pray together - private worship: communicate to god one to one to express emotion that cant be expressed in front of others - informal worship: helps to see god in ordinary and realise worship can happen anywhere in any way - public worship: worshipping with others gives belonging to a community, feel strength of the faith, make friends in faith

Answer 89

- christians that believe in 7 sacraments (Catholics); liturgical is best, helps worship in familiar way so it becomes part of their lives, using ancient prayers makes them aware of christian heritage, makes worship more important than person leading it - christians who think sacraments are less important (most Protestants, Pentecostal): free form helps people participate, reflects peoples moods so worship comes form their own feelings

Answer 90

- baptism - reconciliation - eucharist - confirmation - anointing of the sick - holy orders - marriage

Answer 91

catholics and orthodox

Answer 92

an outward sign of an inward blessing

Answer 93

- they get grace and blessings - mark journey of faith through life - make them stronger in faith - bring them closer to god

Answer 94

baptism and eucharist

Answer 95

the 39 articles say that only those were authorised by god

Answer 96

some protestants, quakers, salvation army

Answer 97

infant baptism and parents make promises on their behalf

Answer 98

- necessary for person to receive salvation - thru this person becomes member of church - washes away original sin and makes a person pure - example of jesus - catechism says its basis of chirstian life and without it you cant get other sacraments

Answer 99

believer's baptism, usually have dedication for babies, people need to be old enough to make baptismal vows themselves

Answer 100

- signifies end of old life outside church, new life in christ - baptism is god's presence and blessing upon them - moments when they make a personal commitment of faith with jesus - moment when they receive god's spirit for service in church and world

Answer 101

- bread and wine turns into body and blood of jesus (transubstantiation) so jesus is really present - sacrament, weekly gift of grace to get god's strength - celebration of resurrection so reminds there is eternal life

Answer 102

- remembrance of last supper, no changing of wine and bread they are symbols of presence of christ - gives spiritual nourishment giving god's grace - brings unity as they share one body of christ and share peace - reminder of last supper, crucifixion, resurrection of christ

Answer 103

an attemept to contact god usually through words

Answer 104

vocal prayer, meditation, comtemplation

Answer 105

- adoration: praising god for what he is - thanksgiving: thanks god for general goodness or specific thing - confession: confessing sins to god, asking for forgiveness - supplication: asking god's help for others or yourself

Answer 106

set prayer and informal prayers

Answer 107

during liturgical worship, personal prayers which they pray at set times

Answer 108

as personal prayer

Answer 109

- adoration prayers: helps step aside pressures and focus on god so they can see reality of life - thanksgiving: helps not to be selfish, not to take things for granted - confession: helps stop bottling guilt, helps learn from mistakes - supplication: help feel they are doing something for those who suffer, inspires them to do something practical - mediation and contemplation: brings inner peace so they feel refreshed from within

Answer 110

protestant reformers thought they broke covenant to not worship idols and thought relics at shrines were false and there to deceive pilgrims

Answer 111

- become closer to god - life is search for god and pilgrimage helps that - jesus went on pilgrimage - adds discipline to spiritual life - have special connections with holy figures so they become full of holiness

Answer 112

- Jerusalem - Taize - Iona - Walsingham

Answer 113

- the cenecle which is the site of the Upper room where Last Supper happened - Via Dolorosa the route Jesus took as he was carrying his cross

Answer 114

shrine that has statue of Mary based on a vision, many healings and visions happened here

Answer 115

- feel close to Virgin mary - place where prayers and healings claim have been answered - brings spiritual refreshment and brings Anglicans and Catholics closer

Answer 116

- gives young people to meet other people similar ages to them from different branches - encourages Christians to develop the spiritual gifts of kindness, simplicity and reconciliation - gives pilgrims a chance to learn about spirituality from brothers of the community

Answer 117

- emphasisng "holy places" is wrong as god is everywhere - opposed to any form of worshipping mary as its idolatry - the veneration of saints an relic is wrong as only god should be venerated - only go to Jerusalem, Iona and Taize but not walsingham or lourdes.

Answer 118

four weeks before christmas - christians remember prophecies about the first and second coming of jesus, and final judgement - light a candle on an advent wreath on each sunday lighting the final candle on christmas

Answer 119

- catholics are expected to free themselves from sin by receiving sacrament of reconiliation - near to end of advent anglicans and nonconformists have carol services held in cathedrals on christmas eve

Answer 120

- special services on midnight of christmas eve - services on morning of christmas day to recall gospel - gifts exchanged to reflect jesus getting gifts from wise men

Answer 121

- celebration of incarnation as w/o jesus there would be no Christianity - through incarnation power of sin has been cancelled so its possible to have a full relationship with god - celebrations make Christians feel united as a worldwide community as it transcended limitations of race as the share a common faith

Answer 122

- they have opportunity to deepen their faith by remembering events of holy week as they need to serve each other and put themselves last and be public witnesses to their faith - reminds how jesus faced adulation on palm Sunday and then rejection and crucifixion, inspires Christians to think about their role in the world

Answer 123

- ceremony of light to remember darkness of the tomb and the joy/light of resurrection - renewal of baptismal vows to remember rebirth brought by easter - bible readings to remember the resurrection of jesus that brought back goodness into the world at creation

Answer 124

- celebrates resurrection of christ which proves the identity of jesus as both human and divine showing his 2 natures as taught in creeds - proves there is life after death and easter celebrates eternal life for thsoe who follow jesus - celebrates jesus's victory over death and evil which is why vows are renewed and baptisms happen on easter sunday to recommit to christian life

Answer 125

a person sent by a church into an area to brig peace into the christian church

Answer 126

proclaiming the message of Christianity with the aim of converting people to Christianity

Answer 127

St Peter: acts of apostles recorded how he organised conversions throughout palestine St Philip: converted an Ethiopian which spread Christianity to africa St Paul: founded churches in Syria, Turkey and greece

Answer 128

- alpha course teaches basics of Christianity through talks and discussions and are run by all major denominations - scripture union aims to use the bible to inspire children, they use social media like youtube videos and youth camps - urban saints runs youth and children groups around UK of events, mission trips about Christianity

Answer 129

global evangelisation has led to friendliness between denominations in their effort to spread the gospel messages. western mission efforts have also become sensitive to culture which led to the church to the "global south" becoming driving force in missions

Answer 130

- conservative and evangelical chirstians: think its important as great commission says its their duty to preach gospel, share the faith without others out of love so they can also get god's love, believe non-Christians can only have their sins forgiven if they become a chirstian - liberal chirstians think that conversion is a type of prejudice and discrimination in a multifaith society, converting means you think your religion is right theirs is wrong but its hard to know the truth, see problems caused by missionary work in muslim countries

Answer 131

special services are held on festivals, church is where people show their devotion to god like in mass, provides discussion and prayer groups as well as bible readings, gives local area a sense of belonging as they are surrounded by those who share the same beliefs

Answer 132

supporting local Christian schools, allowing social facilities like youth clubs, lunch clubs for elderly, discussion groups like bible study groups to help deepen faith

Answer 133

priests/ ministers give help and advice to couples having family problems, provide finical support if family earner is ill/made redundant, provide legal advice clinics in areas with many immigrants to give language skills to help settle in UK

Answer 134

movement working for cooperation between churches and eventual church unity

Answer 135

local church groups have meetings to plan efforts together to help people in the local area about the nearby churches and the facilities they provide

Answer 136

chance to worship, opportunity to take part in sacraments, christian fellowship with other Christians, place where they can deepen their faith though sermons and discussions

Answer 137

they believe that it is part of the Body of Christ and that it must welcome, nurture and provide spiritual sustenance for the fellow members of Christ's body

Answer 138

most countries where chirstians are persecuted are muslim countries operating under strict shariah law where conversion is a legal offense, approx 100,000 christians fled homes in northern iraq

Answer 139

- jesus said that if people dont forgive those who have sinned against them then god wont forgive their sins - st paul said that chirstians should live in peace with everyone best way - Christianity is based on forgiveness and reconciliation where they should be committed to reconciliation whenever there is conflict

Answer 140

- explains sowing love for others is important to god as its a commandment - shows those who dont help people in need will be punished - shows there is a reward for showing true love to those who are suffering, eternal life in heaven

Answer 141

aims to provide help where it is needed the greatest alongside their 570 local partner organisations

Answer 142

speak on behalf of poor communities to bring social justice, promote fair trade products to end poverty, support agricultural production in gaza strip for unemployed daily wage earners who cannot get their goods to market

Answer 143

- new testament says that riches must be used for helping other especially the poor - parable of sheep and goats says that Christians can help jesus if they help the poor "when you did it for the least of my brothers you did it for me"

Answer 144

the universe started as a small region that was extremely hot and dense and then it starts expanding. evidence is the red shift effect and radio telescopes that discovered background radiation in space

Answer 145

- creationism: science is wrong and apparent age theory where adam's earth had this world's characteristics, fossils are due to noah's flood - intelligent design: the complexity of the universe couldnt have happen by chance from the big bang - compatibility response: both explanations are true, god created everything but the world has developed since

Answer 146

god made it a good universe and placed humans to look after the most valuable creation. god made the earth in a way that it produced an environment that is perfectly suited for human life

Answer 147

- most think that earth belongs to god as he created it so it should be treated with respect not a commodity as environment is a gift from god to humans and must be treated with care, old testaments teaches humans to have responsibility when treating animals - few think genesis 1-2 means universe and all vast resources are commodity that humans can misuse - bible says on judgement day people will be judged based on their actions and beliefs and some also say based on how they fulfilled their duty to preserve god's earth

Answer 148

because it is a gift from god

Answer 149

- only man has a soul so only he has the capacity to have a relationship with god - man is made is god's image (imagio dei) - St Paul describes the body as a temple of the holy spirit

Answer 150

- most Christians say killing in self defence is legitimate if its the only way to protect your life. your like takes precedence over the sanctity of another - some (like quakers) are pacifists so would never fight in wars. most (like catholics) say you an as it protects innocent from aggressors and its backed by the CCC - capital punishment believe its un-chrisitan so its not allowed. some say its ok as bible gives death penalty + CoE and Roman catholic church have said it can be used by state

Answer 151

- challenges authority of bible as then genesis would be wrong and god didn't create humans - natural selection provides answers for biology and theology like why r we here - Christianity is based on intrinsic value of human life that humans are made in image of god - Christianity is based on original sin and the fall of man

Answer 152

- creationists reject evolution, fossil records dont provide evidence but are remains of noah's flood, no fossils showing changes from one species to another - those who believe in intelligent design think god created each species separately and at the same time, god allowed them to evolve in their own species (e.g. darwin finches), evolution explains development within species genesis explains creation of species - some of those who believe in intelligent design accept earth is millions of years old but life is too complex to just evolve naturally, evidence for evolution means god must have intervened to allow new species to develop

Answer 153

- can be no original sin so salvation isnt needed - all biblical ideas of humans being children of god is wrong - humans haven't been created by god so the purpose of human life is up to humans and isn't determined by god

Answer 154

catholic and evangelical - all abortion is wrong no matter circumstance - based on apostolic tradition - church teaches life begins at conception - woman cant chose as new life has rights - use doctrine of double effect when complicated Believe this because: - life is holy and belongs who god who only has the right to terminate it - life begins at conception which abortion kills which goes against 10 commandments - evidence that abortion leads to mental illness and guilt - adoption is a better solution as it preserves life and brings joy to new family

Answer 155

the oral gospel passed on by the apostles to church

Answer 156

liberal protestant attitude - abortion is wrong but is allowed in certain circumstances - jesus said to love thy neighbour - life doesn't begin at conception - Christianity is concerned with justice and if abortion was banned then unjust things would arise like "back street" abortionists

Answer 157

- foetus can't be considered separate life until its capable of living without its mother - woman has right to do what she wants with her body just like men - abortion should be automatic right to women who have been raped etc. - for humanists quality of life > peservation of life

Answer 158

decide pros and cons of possible choices then decide most loving thing to do

Answer 159

- main belief is jesus rose from dead as recorded by all 4 gospels and if he was resurrected then there must be life after death - st paul in Corinthians says chirstians will have a resurrection like jesus - jesus taught that he will come again at the end of the world for final judgement

Answer 160

- near death experiences: people commonly describe seeing bright white light, feeling peace and joy, seeing dead relatives. if these are true there is heaven but no resurrection like gospel says - evidence for spirit world: mediums can contact the dead in the spirit world through ouija boards. if they can do this there is life after death - reincarnation: many cases where people remember details form past live with no contact from them. but these usually fade by the time the child is past 6/7.

Answer 161

- gives life meaning and purpose as you would spend eternity in heaven - gives comfort when loved one dies as possibility of meeting them again and they are in a better place - seems to be demanded by nature of justice as good would be rewarded and evil people will be punished

Answer 162

- different religions have different ideas about life after death - evidence for it is based on holy books, no way to determine which one is true - resurrection isn't proof of existence and biblical accounts contain too many contradictions - near death experiences are unreliable as memories are fallible shown by research

Answer 163

- most beliefs for it assume that mind/ soul can live without body but it cant as science shows otherwise e.g. brain dead people have to be kept alive by a life-support machine - we can only recognise people with bodies so how can souls be recognised to contact them - space exploration shows there are no heaven above earth and physics shows there is no non-material world on earth so where can it take place

Answer 164

- christianity is the one true religion so bible can be relied on, other books dont matter - heaven is a spiritual dimension outside but interacts with material universe - disciples must have known if resurrection happened as they wouldn't have risked their lives for a lie

Answer 165

passive euthanasia (withdrawal of treatment) or positive euthanasia which is assisted suicide, voluntary euthanasia, involuntary euthanasia

Answer 166

- most Christians (inlc catholics) believe all euthanasia is wrong, accept modern medicine brought new issues, allow switching off life supports + withdrawal etc, sanctity of life to give euthanasia is to put oneself on par with god which is condemned in the bible, any form is murder - some (mainly evangelical protestants) think any form is wrong including passive, euthanasia is murder, Book of Job says to accept suffering as god's will ("Shall we accept good from god and not trouble?"). sanctity of life - few accept limited use as modern science means we can be unsure of god's will of death, living will s give ppl chance to be in control which is human right, jesus love thy neighbour relates to assisted suicide

Answer 167

- some want it to remain illegal, role of doctors is to save lives not end them, people change their mind but it will be too late, doubt to what person really wants as other people can bribe the doctors - some want it to be legalised as it as development of life support machines already made euthanasia possible, NHS cant afford to keep brain dead people alive for years, if people have right to suicide then they have right to ask doctor for help if they are too weak to do it themselves

Answer 168

the hospice movement describing how Christian monks and nuns welcomed those who were sick, in need etc. they provided palliative care for the dying which lead to the movement. instead of euthanasia the terminally ill should be treated by hospices to relieve and control the pain.

Answer 169

reduce it by - recycling - promoting power from waste plants to make electricity from human waster - promote development of anaerobic digestion which can be used as fuel and helps sewage - encouraging people not to drop litter - report any area that is badly littered to local area

Answer 170

- use energy efficient technologies like building insulation etc - using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind that have no emissions - building cheaper and more easily available methods of public transport

Answer 171

- promote the use of renewable resources to produce electricity - encouraging car manufacturers to use electric batteries to power cars - promote use of recycling so life of finite resources is extended - encouraging scientists to produce chemicals from plants rather than oil to make plastics etc

Answer 172

MOST ARE FOR: - humans are unlike animals because only humans were made in the image of god - only humans have souls so they have more rights than animals - animal testing helped to develop vaccines against diseases SOME OPPOSE: - believe all animals are made by god so have same value as humans - some experiment may be performed for curiosity sake

Answer 173

MOST SUPPORT: - that is why god produced the food chain - "everything that lives and moves will be food for you" - Genesis 2-3 SOME OPPOSE: - god is creator of animals and humans - human's duty to be stewards to god's creation - waste of resources as it takes more vegetation to raise animals than you get nutrition

CHRISTANITY PAPER 1 Flashcards

(197 cards)