Chromatography

Question 1

Monitor the eluate as it leaves the column
 Produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of each separated component

Answer 1

Detectors

Question 2

Variant of column chromatography
 such as alumina, silica gel, cellulose, or cross-linked dextran, is uniformly coated on a glass or plastic plate
 Most commonly used as a semi-quantitative
screening test

Answer 2

Thin -layer chromatography

Question 3

Forces the mobile phase through the column at a much greater velocit

Answer 3

Pump

Question 4

Monitor the eluate as it leaves the column
 Produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of each separated component

Answer 4

Detectors

Question 5

used to scan across a present m/z
range and select an ion of interest

Answer 5

Q1

Question 6

Detect absorbances of visible or UV light

Answer 6

Spectrophotometer

Question 7

Used to record detector signal versus the time mobile phase passed through the instrument,
starting from the time of sample injection

Answer 7

Recorder

Question 8

Based of fragmentation and ionazation of
molecules using a suitable source of energy
 Charged particles moving through a magnetic or an electrical field can be separated from other charged particles according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios

Answer 8

Mass spectrometry

Question 9

Used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity and for drug analysis in urine

Answer 9

Photodiode array

Question 10

Measures current produced when the analyte of interest is oxidized or reduced at some fixed potential set between a pair of electroded

Answer 10

Amperometric or electrochemical detector

Question 11

Variation of L-S chromatography
 Aka SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY
 Separation based on size and
shape
 Solid phase is packed with
porous material (beads) that
separates solutes according to
size

Answer 11

Steric exclusion

Question 12

Uses lower temperatures for separation
achieving better separation of thermolabile compounds
 Easier to recover a sample compared to GC
 The mobile phase can be removed, and the sample can be processed further or reanalyzed under different conditions

Answer 12

Liquid chromatography

Question 13

LIQUID-SOLID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
 Competition between the
sample and the mobile phase
for the adsorptive sites on the
solid stationary phase
 Stationary phase can be acidic
polar (e.g. silica gel), basic
polar (e.g. alumina), or non
polar (e.g. charcoal)

Answer 13

Absorption

Question 14

Most selective type of
chromatography
 Utilizes the specific interaction
between on kind of solute molecule and a second molecule that is immobilized on
a stationary phase
 Antigen and antibody, enzyme
and substrate, receptor and ligand, protein and nucleic acid

Answer 14

Affinity

Question 15

Contain wires (filaments) that change electrical resistance with change in temperature

Answer 15

Thermal conductivity

Question 16

 More sensitive than TC detector
 Small hydrogen flame and collector
electrode
 As the sample burns, ion form and move to charged collector

Answer 16

Flame ionization detector

Question 17

Is a analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly
analyzed

Answer 17

Chromatography

Question 18

Gas or liquid
 Solvent moving through the column
 Carries the sample

Answer 18

Mobile phase or carrier

Question 19

Process of washing out a compound through a column using a suitable solvent

Answer 19

Elution

Question 20

The time it takes for a compound or analyte to elute

Answer 20

Retention time or factor

Question 21

Seperated components

Answer 21

Eluate

Question 22

Mixture whose individual components have to be separated and analyzed

Answer 22

Analyte

Question 23

Holds the stationary phase

Answer 23

Columns

Question 24

Separating compounds based primarily on their volatility
 Is useful for compound that are naturally volatile or can easily converted into a volatile form

Answer 24

Gas chromatography

Question 25

Type of gas chromatography that is Based on partition

Answer 25

Gas liquid chromatography

Question 26

Type of gas chromatography that is Based on absorption

Answer 26

Gas solid chromatography

Question 27

Solid or liquid  Where the mobile phase flows

Answer 27

Stationary phase or absorbent

Question 28

 LIQUID-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY  Separation of substance according to their solubility in an organi/ non polar solvent and in an aqueous/ polar solvent  “LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”  Polar molecules remain in the aqueous solvent; nonpolar molecules ar extracted in the organic solvent

Answer 28

Partition

Question 29

Uses resin (stationary solid phase) for covalent attachment of anion or cation onto it  Solutes ions of the opposite charge in the mobile liquid phase are attracted to the resin by electrostatic forces  Widely used for the separation of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids

Answer 29

Ion exchange

Question 30

Type of pump that is Most widely used

Answer 30

Mechanical reciprocating pump

Question 31

Type of pump that for preoperative purposes

Answer 31

Pneumatic pumps

Question 32

Type of pump that no longer commonly used

Answer 32

Hydraulic amplifier pumps

Question 33

Long stainless steel most common

Answer 33

- columns - silica

Question 34

Can be used to introduced the sample into the path of the mobile phase that carries it into the column

Answer 34

Sample injector

Question 35

Best and most widely used, high reproducibility, and used in high pressures

Answer 35

Loop injector

Question 36

Monitor the eluate as it leaves the column  Produce an electronic signal proportional to the concentration of each separated component

Answer 36

Detectors

Question 37

functions as a collision cell

Answer 37

Q2

Question 38

serves to analyze the product ions generated in Q2 (full product ion scan or selected reaction monitoring)

Answer 38

Q3

Question 39

GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS  Used for greater selectivity and lower detection limits  Link three quadrupoles in series - triple quad

Answer 39

Tandem mass spectrometry

Question 40

Used for spectral comparisons and compound identification and purity and for drug analysis in urine

Answer 40

Photodiode array

Question 41

 Detect absorbances of visible or UV light

Answer 41

Spectrophotometer

Question 42

Direct electrical current and radio frequency voltages of selected magnitude are applied to two pairs of metallic rods  Only ions of specific mass/charge ratio can pass undeflected to the end of the rods, where they are detected

Answer 42

Quadrupole mass spectrometry

Question 43

Three electrodes, in a ring shape and two end caps, produce ions in the cavity until selectively ejected to the ion detector  Ability to get full mass spectra at very low sample concentration

Answer 43

Ion trap mass spectrometer

Question 44

Three electrodes, in a ring shape and two end caps, produce ions in the cavity until selectively ejected to the ion detector  Ability to get full mass spectra at very low sample concentration

Answer 44

High performance liquid chromatography