Chromium-Zinc

Question 1

● FUNCTION: Enhances insulin action
● Important for glucose and lipid metabolism
● Part of the glucose tolerance factor because of its association with enhancement of insulin action

Answer 1

Chromium

Question 2

Chromium DEFICIENCY

Answer 2

insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia

Question 3

Chromium TOXICITY

Answer 3

skin ulcers, renal and hepatic necrosis

Question 4

● FUNCTION: Cellular respiration
● Important for collagen synthesis

Answer 4

Copper

Question 5

T/F. In vivo- collagen synthesis is enhanced by copper

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Copper DEFICIENCY

Answer 6

Menke’s kinky hair syndrome, muscle weakness

Question 7

Copper TOXICITY

Answer 7

Interferes with the absorption of Zinc and Iron

Question 8

● FUNCTION: Hemoglobin synthesis, a component of Vit. B12 (cobalamin)
● Important for red cell synthesis, development, and maturation (erythropoiesis)

Answer 8

Cobalt

Question 9

Cobalt DEFICIENCY

Answer 9

Anemia, Growth depression

Question 10

Cobalt TOXICITY
Heart failure, Hypothyroidism

Answer 10

Heart failure, Hypothyroidism

Question 11

● FUNCTION: Prevents dental caries

Answer 11

Fluorine

Question 12

Fluorine DEFICIENCY

Answer 12

Dental caries
● No known toxic effect to man

Question 13

● FUNCTION: Thyroid hormone synthesis
● Iodination process- T3 and T4, number of iodine molecules present in sample
● Can get from diet and food supplements

Answer 13

Iodine

Question 14

Iodine DEFICIENCY

Answer 14

Goiter, Cretinism, Myxedema

Question 15

Iodine TOXICITY

Answer 15

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 16

● FUNCTION: Bone and CT functions
● Serves as the active site of the enzyme-cholesterol synthesis

Answer 16

Manganese

Question 17

Manganese DEFICIENCY:

Answer 17

Skeletal defects

Question 18

Manganese TOXICITY:

Answer 18

Psychiatric disorders, Parkinson’s disease

Question 19

● FUNCTION: DNA metabolism
● Serves as the active site of the enzymes-uric acid synthesis (Xanthine oxidase)

Answer 19

Molybdenum

Question 20

Molybdenum DEFICIENCY:

Answer 20

Growth depression, cretinism, goiter

Question 21

Molybdenum TOXICITY:

Answer 21

Anemia, thyrotoxicosis

Question 22

● Potent antioxidant
● FUNCTION: Prevents oxidative damage of lipid
● Important for the synthesis of glutathione peroxidase

Answer 22

Selenium

Question 23

Selenium DEFICIENCY:

Answer 23

Keshan disease (cardiovascular myopathy)

Question 24

Selenium TOXICITY:

Answer 24

Hair and nail loss, liver failure

Question 25

● FUNCTION: Protein synthesis
● Active site for the enzyme synthesis of DNA and RNA
● Potent cofactor of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase
● Combined with vitamin C to help in boosting the immune system

Answer 25

Zinc

Question 26

important vitamin that promote WBC production (Leukopoiesis)

Answer 26

Vitamin C

Question 27

strengthens the WBC

Answer 27

Zinc

Question 28

Zinc DEFICIENCY:

Answer 28

Acrodermatitis enteropathica, growth retardation, immune deficiency, infertility, delayed wound healing and osteoporosis

Question 29

Zinc TOXICITY:

Answer 29

Gastrointestinal irritation