Chromosomal Inheritance Flashcards
A _____ is a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of a chromosome is transferred to another non homologous chromosome (not part of the normal chromosome pair).
translocation
A _____ translocation is one in which the right amount of DNA is present but is not located in its customary place.
balanced
An individual with a _____ translocation has the translocation on all cells, and neither the phenotype nor physiologic function is affected.
balanced
A _____ translocation is a specific type of balanced translocation created by the fusion of the entire long arms (q arms) of two acrocentric chromosomes with loss of the short arms (p arms). _____ chromosomes have the centromere near the very top end of the chromosome.
- robertsonian
2. Acrocentric
What is the most common type of balanced translocation?
Robertsonian translocation
The person with a robertsonian translocation has a karyotype with _____ (#) chromosomes.
45
_____ chromosome translocations between acrocentric chromosomes are more common than between metacentric or subcentric chromosomes.
Whole
The DNA of the _____ of 2 acrocentric chromosomes attract each other, whereas the tips of whole chromosomes have no special attractive force.
centromeres
List the two types of balanced translocations and which is more common:
- robertsonian and reciprocal
2. robertsonian
_____ translocations occur when segments of two nonhomologous chromosomes break and are equally exchanged.
Reciprocal
_____ translocations occur between any two chromosomes.
Reciprocal
True or false:
Because a reciprocal translocation only involves chromosome segments and not whole chromosomes, the person’s karyotype shows 46 chromosomes.
True
_____ translocations can be found incidentally among a small number of anyone’s somatic cells, but is considered a _____ only if the translocation is present in all cells.
- Reciprocal
2. carrier
Germ cells from a parent with a balanced translocation may have _____ (#) possible outcomes.
4
Meiosis to form germ cells from a person with a balanced translocation can result in an ovum with _____ (#) separate normal chromosomes.
2
Meiosis to form germ cells from a person with a balanced translocation can result in an ovum having a _____ _____ with one of each chromosome.
balanced translocation
Meiosis to form germ cells from a person with a balanced robertsonian translocation can result in an ovum having an _____ of a certain chromosome (2) along with one chromosome allele (and vice versa with the other chromosome).
excess
The resulting zygote from a balanced robertsonian translocation parent and a parent with normal sperm or ova can be _____ with no translocations or abnormal number of chromosomes with no developmental, functional, or reproductive consequences.
normal
The resulting zygote from a balanced robertsonian translocation parent and a parent with normal sperm or ova can be can have a _____ number of each chromosome but be a translocation _____ with no developmental or functional consequences, but with _____ consequences.
- normal
- carrier
- reproductive
The resulting zygote from a balanced robertsonian translocation parent and a parent with normal sperm or ova can be a normal number of one chromosome but a _____ of the other chromosome that is either incompatible with life or significant developmental, functional, and reproductive consequences.
trisomy
When the germ cells of a parent contain only chromosomes with the reciprocal translocations and not the normal nonhomologous chromosomes, the resulting individual is a balanced translocation _____ with no developmental or functional consequences but with the same _____ consequences of the parent.
- carrier
2. reproductive
When the germ cells created during meiosis have only one of the reciprocal translocations along with the normal nonhomologous chromosome, the resulting zygote will be missing specific gene _____. This could cause failure of the zygote to progress into an embryo, or result in an individual with developmental, functional, and reproductive issues.
alleles
When germ cells created during meiosis have both of the reciprocal translocations along with the normal nonhomologous chromosome, the resulting zygote with have ___ (#) copies of some specific gene alleles resulting in failure to progress to an embryo, or significant developmental, functional, and reproductive issues.
3
An _____ _____ results when a child inherits more or less than 2 copies of a chromosome or part of a chromosome from a parent resulting in abnormal anatomic development and abnormal physiologic function. These _____ _____ can lead to trisomy, monosomy, and other chromosomal disorders.
- unbalanced translocation
2. unbalanced translocations
