Chromosomes, Pedigrees and Mutations 3.5 U3 Flashcards
When is crossing over common?
When is crossing over rare?
What is gene linkage?
Genes on the same chromosomes can “break” the law of independent assortment
The closer together they are, the most likely they are to be “linked”
Unlikely to be split apart during crossing over in Meiosis I
What is the law of independent assortment?
Alleles get independently assorted
How are gene map units created and used?
Crossover frequencies can be converted into map units.
We can use the frequency of crossing-over to determine the relative distance between genes on the same chromosome.
What is the purpose of Human Pedigrees?
Shows presence or absence of a trait according to relationships within a family across generations
Autosomal Inheritance Dominant Traits? EX
every individual with the trait must have a parent with it
without any other context, shading = AA or Aa
Example = Huntington’s disease
Autosomal Inheritance Recessive Traits? EX
individual with the trait may or may not have a parent with it
without any other context, shading = aa
Non-shaded could be AA or Aa!
Example = Sickle Cell Anemia
X-Linked Dominant Traits? EX
females are more likely to show dominant traits
shading = XAXA, XAXa, XAY
Example = X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH)
X-Linked Recessive Traits? EX
males are more likely to show recessive traits
shading = XaXa, XaY
Non-shaded could be XAXA, XAXa, or XAY
Example = Red-green colorblindness
What is a mutation?
A change in the genetic material
What are two main types of mutation?
Gene mutation
Chromosomal mutation
What is Locus?
Location of gene or DNA sequence
What is Germ-line mutation?
From gametes
What is Somatic Mutations?
Not gametes
