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Biology > Experimental Design & Properties of Water U1 > Flashcards

Experimental Design & Properties of Water U1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable explanation or prediction based on the observation and the scientist’s prior knowledge

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2
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A prediction that there is no relationship between two variables.

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3
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The factor or condition being changed
“the cause”
X-axis

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4
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The factor or condition being measured
“the effect”
Y-axis

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5
Q

What is a control variable?

A

A factor or condition that is kept
constant throughout the experiment

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6
Q

What is a control group?

A

This group experiences the same
conditions as the experimental group,
except for the single independent
variable being studied

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7
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

done in lab

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8
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

observing and
analyzing something happening
naturally, out of control of the scientist

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9
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Based on numbers

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10
Q

What is Qualitative data?

A

Based on Observation

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11
Q

What is an atom?

A

the basic unit of matter.

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12
Q

What is an element?

A

a pure substance
that consists of one type of
atom.

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13
Q

What is an atom composed of?

A

Atoms are composed of three
subatomic particles:

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14
Q

What is a Proton?

A

Positively charged subatomic particle, found in
the nucleus.

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15
Q

What is a Neutron?

A

Subatomic particle with no charge, found in
the nucleus.

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16
Q

What is an electron?

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle, found
outside of the nucleus.

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17
Q

What are the first 3 layers of electron shells made of?

A

1st Orbital: Maximum 2 electrons
2nd Orbital: Maximum 8 electrons
3rd Orbital: Maximum 18 electrons

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18
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

the number of protons in the atom.

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19
Q

What is a mass number?

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom.

20
Q

What is atomic weight?

A

the weighted average of the masses of an
element’s isotopes.

21
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms off the same element that differ in the numbers of neutrons they contain. Identified by mass number.

22
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

the outer orbital/electron shell.

23
Q

What is a cell?

A

basic unit of life

24
Q

What is a compound?

A

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

25
Q

What is a molecule?

A

made when two or more atoms are chemically bonded together?

26
Q

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic and Covalent

27
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Chemical bond formed when one or more
electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

28
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that either gains electrons or loses electrons.
As such, it is either positively or negatively charged.

29
Q

What are covalent bonds ?

A

Chemical bond formed when the electrons
are shared between atoms.

30
Q

What do carbons four valence electrons allow them to do?

A

bond with many other
atoms. As such, chains of carbon often form
the backbone of macromolecules.

31
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Macromolecules are large
molecules made from
many smaller molecules.

32
Q

What are Monomers and Polymers?

A

Monomers: the small units.
* Polymers: the large units.

33
Q

What is polarity in a hydrogen molecule?

A

a water molecule
is polar because there is
an uneven distribution of
electrons between the
hydrogen atoms and
oxygen atoms. The
negative pole is near the
oxygen atom and the
positive pole is near the
hydrogen atoms

34
Q

What are Intramolecular forces?

A

forces that hold
atoms together within
a molecule.

35
Q

What are Intermolecular forces?

A

forces that exist
between molecules.

36
Q

what is a hydrogen bond?

A

attraction between a
hydrogen atom and
another atom.

37
Q

What is cohesion and adhesion?

A

attraction of molecules of the same substance.
attraction between molecules of different substances.

38
Q

What is Capillary Action?

A

tendency of water to rise in a thin tube.

39
Q

What is a mixture?

A

a material composed of two or more elements or
compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically
combined.

40
Q

What is a suspension?

A

mixture of water and nondissolved material

41
Q

What is a solution?

A

type of mixture in which all components are evenly
distributed

42
Q

What are solutes and solvents?

A

Solute: substance that is dissolved in solution. Ex: sugar,
salt
Solvent: dissolving substance in a solution. Ex: water

43
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

nonpolar
molecules that repel water
molecules. “Water fearing”

44
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

molecules forming
ionic or a hydrogen bond with
water molecules. “Water
loving”

45
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The surface becomes stronger because they exert more force horizontally when they cant exert it up(happens to water)

Biology (20 decks)

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