Chronic Disease

Question 1

What is Chronic Disease?

Answer 1

Diseases of long duration & slow progression

Question 2

Leading cause of mortality globally __% of deaths

Answer 2

74%

Question 3

There are 4 major diseases

Answer 3

CVDn(17.7m)
Cancers(8.8)
Chronic respiratory disease(3.9)
diabetes (1.6)

Question 4

what are some Primary risk factors

Answer 4

-smoking
-PinA
-Obesity
-unhealthy diet
-high blood pressure
-high cholesterol
-high blood glucose

Question 5

what is CVD

Answer 5

collective term for disease of heart & blood vessels

Question 6

what is a Indirect cost of CVD

Answer 6

long term disability, premature death, short term disability

Question 7

what s a direct cost of CVD

Answer 7

hospital care, drug cost, physician care

Question 8

what is the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

system that circulates blood through the body: the heart + blood vessels

Question 9

What is Blood pressure?

Answer 9

force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels, created by the pumping heart

Question 10

what is a systole?

Answer 10

when the heart contracts (beats)

Question 11

what is Diastole?

Answer 11

when the heart relaxes between beats

Question 12

what is normal BP?

Answer 12

120/80mm/hg

Question 13

what is high blood pressure?

Answer 13

80-89 mm/hg

Question 14

blood pressure is know as the “silent killer” because…

Answer 14

there are no symptoms of high blood pressure

Question 15

Major forms of CVD (1)

Answer 15

Atherosclerosis, thickening & hardening of arteries, narrowed by deposits of fat, cholesterol, other substances

Question 16

Major forms of CVD (2)

Answer 16

Heart disease & heart attack
CHD, most common form, caused by atherosclerosis

Question 17

what is Angina?

Answer 17

partial blockage of coronary artery (chest pain)

Question 18

what is MI?

Answer 18

complete blockage of coronary artery (leads to a heart attack)

Question 19

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 19

-chest pain
-arm, neck, shoulder, back or jaw pain
-difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
-excessive sweating; cool, clammy skin
-nausea & Vomiting
-loss of consciousness
-fear, anxiety, denial

Question 20

Major forms of CVD (3)

Answer 20

Stroke
2million brain cells die per minute; brain ages 3.5 years each hour

Question 21

what is a Ishemic stroke?

Answer 21

blood clot forms in a cerebral artery or blood clot carried in the blood stream that becomes wedged in cerebral artery

Question 22

what is a Hemorrhagic stoke?

Answer 22

blood vessels in brain bursts, spilling blood into surrounding tissue

Question 23

what are stroke symptoms?

Answer 23

-suddenly numbness/ weakness of face, arm leg usually 1 side of body
-sudden confusion, trouble speaking, Understanding
-sudden trouble of seeing
-sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
-sudden severe headache

Question 24

What bystanders S.T.R stand for when someone has a stroke

Answer 24

S- smile
T-talk
R- raise arms

Question 25

Major forms of CVD (4)

Answer 25

Peripheral Arterial Disease atherosclerosis in the leg or arm

Question 26

What is PAD claudication?

Answer 26

Aching or fatigue leg with exertion

Question 27

what is Rest pain with PAD

Answer 27

more severe stage, artery significantly narrowed or completely blocked

Question 28

Major forms of CVD (5)

Answer 28

Congestive heart failure caused by hypertension, atherosclerosis, CHD, MI, diabetes

Question 29

What are the major forms of CVD

Answer 29

1. Atherosclerosis 2. heart disease & heart attack 3. Stroke 4.Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) 5. Congestive Heart failure

Question 30

MAJOR Modifiable risk factors what are they?

Answer 30

1. smoking 2. Hypertension 3. high cholesterol 4. PinA 5. Obesity 6. Diabetes

Question 31

Smoking __% of smoking related deaths are due to CVD

Answer 31

30%

Question 32

what does MAJOR modifiable risk factors mean?

Answer 32

means its an independent risk factor

Question 33

how does smoking harm cardiovascular system?

Answer 33

smoking damages the endothelium the inner lining of our arteries reduces HDL and increases our LDL.

Question 34

Why is hypertension known as the "silent killer"?

Answer 34

because it has no symptoms with it

Question 35

what is the cause of Hypertension

Answer 35

incresed output of blood from heart, increased resistance to blood flow from arteries

Question 36

How to prevent Lifestyle modification?

Answer 36

increasing fibre, reducing sat+ trans fat, PA, weight loss, quit smoking

Question 37

What does high cholesterol do?

Answer 37

when cholesterol not used it is spills out and collects on artery walls

Question 38

does dietary cholesterol have an impaction blood cholesterol?

Answer 38

no it does not

Question 39

Cool carried in blood on Lipoprotiens, what does LDL do?

Answer 39

carries cool from liver to tissue, too much= bad

Question 40

what does HDL do to chol?

Answer 40

Carries unused chol back to liver for recycling =good

Question 41

What does PA do?

Answer 41

reduces BP& HR increases HDL helps maintain healthy weight, improves condition of blood vessels, prevents/ controls diabetes

Question 42

Obesity what is it a risk of?

Answer 42

CVD

Question 43

excessive body fat increases what?

Answer 43

hypertension, high chol, insulin resistance, diabetes

Question 44

DIABETES what is it?

Answer 44

elevated blood glucose, due to insufficient insulin or inadequate action of insulin

Question 45

type 2 diabetes is in theory___

Answer 45

is preventable

Question 46

What are modifiable contributing risk factors?

Answer 46

High triglycerides physiological & social factors Alcohol Inflammation

Question 47

hat are Non- modifiable risk factors

Answer 47

heredity age being male ethnicity

Question 48

how to prevent these things?

Answer 48

diet exercise avoid tobacco know your BP know CHOL levels effective coping & stress management