Nutrition

Question 1

What iS Nutrition?

Answer 1

The science of the actions of foods, nutrients, and other substances, within the body (including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion)

Question 2

Why is nutrition Important?

Answer 2

staying alive, keeping healthy

Question 3

what are the 6 class nutrients

Answer 3

Proteins
fats
carbohydrates
= macronutrients
vitamins
minerals
water
=micronutrients

Question 4

what are essential nutrients?

Answer 4

Nutrients the body needs from food, we EAT

Question 5

50 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS?

Answer 5

provides energy, help build & maintain body tissue, help regulate body functions

Question 6

Macronutrients functions for
Proteins….

Answer 6

Component of muscle, bone, blood, enzymes, hormones, cell membranes; required for tissue repair; regulates H2O & energy balance, required for growth; supply energy

Question 7

Macronutrients functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Supply energy to brain, nervous system and blood cells; supply energy to working muscles

Question 8

Macronutrients functions of fats?

Answer 8

Supply energy (majority of energy storage) Insulate support, cushion/ protect organs, allow absorption of fat- soluble vitamins

Question 9

Micronutrients functions for Vitamins

Answer 9

required for specific chemical reactions in the cells

Question 10

micronutrients functions for Minerals

Answer 10

help regulate body functions; required for growth & maintenance of body tissue; catalysts for energy release

Question 11

micronutrients functions for water

Answer 11

required for chemical reactions, chemical transport, temperature regulation removal of waste products

Question 12

Vitamin __ and Vitamin __ are water soluble

Answer 12

Vitamin C and Vitamin B

Question 13

Vitamin __, __,___,__, are stored in fat, don’t excrete them. ( fat soluble)

Answer 13

Vitamin A,D,E,K

Question 14

fat - __ calories/gram

Answer 14

9

Question 15

pro- __ calorie/ gram

Answer 15

4

Question 16

chol- __ calories/ gram

Answer 16

4

Question 17

alcohol- __ calories/ gram

Answer 17

7

Question 18

If you consume too much calories it is….

Answer 18

stored as body fat

Question 19

What do proteins do?

Answer 19

form bodily structures, enzymes, muscle tissue; also form important parts of blood, enzymes, some hormones

Question 20

What are amino acids?

Answer 20

building blocks of proteins; essential vs non- essential (9+11)

Question 21

how much recommended daily intake of proteins for adults

Answer 21

0.8 grams protein per kg body weight

Question 22

what are complete proteins

Answer 22

foods that contain 9 essential amino acids (meat + dairy)

Question 23

what are incomplete proteins

Answer 23

are like nuts and plants

Question 24

Fats what are they?

Answer 24

most concentrated source of energy

Question 25

what are the 2 essential fats we need to get from food

Answer 25

Omega 6- vegetable oils Omega 3- fish, green, leafy vegetables, veg oils

Question 26

what are saturated fats?

Answer 26

butter, solid at room temperature, you don't want to consume this

Question 27

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 27

Liquid at room temperature, you want to consume this, like olive oil

Question 28

what is hydrogenation?

Answer 28

H+ molecules added to unsaturated & saturated fats changes unsaturated states causes inflammation in the body.

Question 29

Carbohydrates main function?

Answer 29

provide main energy for our cells

Question 30

your brain uses __ to function

Answer 30

glucose

Question 31

examples of Simple carbohydrates

Answer 31

sweets, like milk, candies, and fruit

Question 32

examples of Complex carbohydrates

Answer 32

starch fibres, grains, starches

Question 33

both types of carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and stored in __ in the liver and muscles

Answer 33

glycogen

Question 34

The pancreas releases insulin in response to glucose in the blood, allows cells to take up the glucose and uses it for __

Answer 34

it uses it for energy

Question 35

What is the glycemic index?

Answer 35

how quickly glucose is elevated into the blood

Question 36

Complex Carbohydrates refined vs Whole grains (Anatomy of the grain)

Answer 36

-outer layer of the seed- Bran:protects the seed (fibre, minerals) -Germ. guts inside the grain:nourishment for the seed (vitamins E,B) -Endosperm. energy for the seed, carbohydrates the cover for the guts of the grain.

Question 37

Fibre CHO is not a __

Answer 37

Fibre is not a nutrient

Question 38

fibre is non- __

Answer 38

fibre is non-digestible

Question 39

Soluble Fibre

Answer 39

attract water, and turns to gel during digestion, examples are oat bran, nuts barley

Question 40

Insoluble Fibre

Answer 40

found in foods like wheat bran, vegetables

Question 41

Carbohydrates-How much?

Answer 41

45-65% of total calories

Question 42

recommended daily intake of fats for men?

Answer 42

17g/d linoleic acid, 1.6 g/d a-linolenic acid

Question 43

recommended daily intake of fats for women

Answer 43

12g/d linoleic acid, 1.2 g/d a-linolenic acid

Question 44

recommeded daily intake of saturated, trans fats and cholesterol

Answer 44

sat<10% trans <1% cholesterol <300mg