Chronic Diseases

Question 1

What are Chronic Diseases?

Answer 1

Diseases that persist for a long period or recur throughout life

Question 2

What are chronic diseases caused by?

Answer 2

Risk factors that are behavioral, environmental, or hereditary

Question 3

What are Cardiovascular Diseases?

Answer 3

Diseases of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular)

Question 4

Cardiovascular Diseases include:

Answer 4

Hypertension 
Atherosclerosis 
Heart attack
Arrhythmia 
Congestive heart failure 
Stroke

Question 5

What is Hypertension?

Answer 5

Occurs when a person has a blood pressure consistently measuring 140/90 or higher
Hypertension leads to heart disease because of the increased blood pressure on the heart and vessels

Question 6

Hypertension is known as the

Answer 6

Silent killer

Question 7

How to reduce risk of developing Hypertension

Answer 7

Exercise Regularly
Maintain a healthy weight
Reduce stress
Eat foods low in sodium

Question 8

What is Atherosclerosis?

Answer 8

A disease in which fatty substance (including cholesterol) build up inside artery walls. These deposits called plaque cause the artery walls to thicken and narrow=blood flow slows= blood pressure rises.

Question 9

Atherosclerosis increases your risk of developing

Answer 9

1. Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries = lose elasticity and become stif
2. Coronary heart disease – coronary arteries narrow = decrease blood flow to
   heart

Question 10

What is a Heart Attack?

Answer 10

occurs when some of the tissue in the heart doesn’t receive its normal blood supply and dies

Question 11

What is the cause of a heart attack?

Answer 11

usually a blood clot that forms in a coronary artery that has been narrowed by Atherosclerosis

Question 12

How many people suffer from heart attacks each year.

Answer 12

Each year over a million people in the US suffer a heart attack (500,000 die)

Question 13

4 Major Risk Factors for heart attacks:

Answer 13

1. High blood pressure
2. High levels of cholesterol
3. Physical Inactivity
4. Smoking

Question 14

What is Arrhythmia?

Answer 14

aka “irregular heart beats” – another form of heart disease

Question 15

How may you possibly develop (Arrhythmia)?

Answer 15

*May develop from damage to heart caused by heart attack

Question 16

What is Fibrillation?

Answer 16

a life threatening arrhythmia in which the heart twitches
rapidly in an uncoordinated fashion

Question 17

How can some abnormal heart beats be controlled?

Answer 17

*Some abnormal heartbeats can be controlled by medication, others require surgery to implant a pacemaker.

Question 18

What is Congestive Heart Failure?

Answer 18

when the heart slowly weakens over time. As the heart weakens it is unable to pump as much blood as it once did.

Question 19

What is a stroke?

Answer 19

occurs when there is a sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain or when a weakened artery in the brain bursts flooding the area with blood

Question 20

What is a Cerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 20

If the burst is in the cerebrum (main portion) is it called a cerebral hemorrhage

Question 21

Cerebral Hemorrhages can be caused by head injuries or by an

Answer 21

aneurysm – a blood filled weak spot that balloons out from the artery wall

Question 22

3 Efects of Stroke (difer depending on location and severity)

Answer 22

1. Brain damage (senses, speech, comprehension, behavior, thought patterns, and
   memory.
2. Paralysis on one side of the body or severely disabled.
3. Death (1/3 of strokes

Question 23

Risks you cannot control:

Answer 23

1. Heredity
2. Ethnicity
3. Gender
4. Age
   * If you have any of these risk factors it is even more important that you practice healthy behaviors to combat cardiovascular disease

Question 24

Risks you can control:

Answer 24

1. Maintain a Healthy weight
2. Eat a healthy diet
3. Be physically active
4. Manage stress
5. Monitor your blood pressure
6. Avoid smoking and drinking

Question 25

What is Cancer?

Answer 25

a group of diseases that involves the rapid, uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It harms the body by destroying healthy body tissues

Question 26

Cancer is the 1st or 2nd leading cause of death in adults in the US?

Answer 26

2nd

Question 27

Cancer cells typically form a mass tissue called a tumor two types of cancers they find they are either:

Answer 27

malignant = cancerous; benign = not cancerous)

Question 28

What is Metastasis?

Answer 28

spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body

Question 29

Heredity

Answer 29

human genes control cell reproduction. Some people inherit genes that have a tendency to change into forms that allow cells to reproduce too rapidly.

Question 30

What is an Oncogene?

Answer 30

A gene that has changed into a cancer-causing gene. | People whose cells contain oncogenes may develop certain types of cancers.

Question 31

What is does the Environment contain?

Answer 31

contains cancer-causing agents called Carcinogens

Question 32

What are carcinogens?

Answer 32

Cancer causing agents. Carcinogens can cause changes in genes that control cell reproduction.

Question 33

How many adults have hypertension?

Answer 33

1/3

Question 34

What do saturated fats do?

Answer 34

Look out for saturated fats. These increase levels of cholesterol in the blood.