Chronic inflammation

Question 0

Pain, redness, loss of function, swelling and heat are they signs of chronic or acute inflammation?

Answer 0

Acute.

Question 1

Causes of prolonged inflammation.

Answer 1

1. Persistent infection by microorganisms that are difficult to eliminate
2. Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (autoimmune and allergic diseases)
3. Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents (exogenous and endogenous)

Question 2

Diseases that are accompanied by chronic inflammation?

Answer 2

Ageing
Pulmonary disease
Cancer
Alzhemier's 
Cardiovascular 
Diabetes 
Neurological diseases 
Autoimmune diseases

Question 3

Morphology of chronic inflammation?

Answer 3

1. Infiltration of mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells)
2. Tissue destruction
3. Attempts at healing by connective tissue inflammation (angiogenesis & fibrosis)

Question 4

Cells involved in inflammation?

Answer 4

Macrophages (contribute to tissue damage and fibrosis)
Lymphocytes (produce cytokines)
Plasma cells developed from activated B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Mast cells

Question 5

Mechanisms to eradicate injurious agent?

Answer 5

1. Antibodies from plasma cell
2. Direct killing by lymphocytes
3. Phagocytosis by macrophages

Question 6

Systemic symptoms of chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

Low grade fever (on and off)
Weight loss
Anaemia

Question 7

Main immunological cell involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 7

Macrophages
Plasma cells (antibodies)
Lymphocytes

Question 8

Is oedema present in chronic inflammation?

Answer 8

No. Only in acute inflammation.

Question 9

What does fibrosis lead to?

Answer 9

Loss of function

Question 10

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer 10

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 11

Pus is?

Answer 11

A collection of neutrophils.

Question 12

Eosinophils are prominent in?

Answer 12

Parasitic infection

Question 13

Langerhan’s cells?

Answer 13

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.