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Renal > Chronic kidney disease > Flashcards

Chronic kidney disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is CKD?

A
  • Abnormal kidney structure or function
  • present for >3 months with implications for health
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2
Q

define CKD with numbers

A

egFR < 60 ml/min/ 1.73m2 for 3+ months

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3
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 1?

A

egFR - 90 or higher
pretty much normal

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4
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 2?

A

egFR- 60-89
kidneys work less than normal

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5
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 3a ?

A

egFR- 45-59
kidneys work even more less than normal

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6
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 3b ?

A

egFR- 30-44
kidneys work even more less than normal

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7
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 4?

A

egFR- 15-29
kidneys close to not working

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8
Q

CKD classified- what is stage 5?

A

egFR- less than 15
most severe, kidneys close to not working or stopped

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9
Q

what are the 4 parameters of CKD?

A
  • Creatinine
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
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10
Q

what are the risk factors for CKD?

A
  • DM
  • HTN
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • nephrotoxic drugs
  • PKD
  • male
  • smoking
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11
Q

describe the pathology behind CKD

A
  1. ~ 7 mil nephrons but in CKD many damaged so descreased GFR
  2. therefore increased burden on remaining nephrons
  3. compensatory RAAS to increase GFR but raised transglomerular pressure= shearing and loss of Bm selective permeability.
  4. leads to preoteinuria
  5. angiotensin 2 up regulates TGF- B and plasminogen activator- inactivator 1
  6. causes mesangial ( supportive tissue scarring)
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12
Q

what are the symptoms for CKD?

A
  • early on asymptomatic- due to loss of nephrons- reserved supply
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13
Q

what are the symptoms of CKD due to?

A
  • substance accumulation and renal damage ( diabetic nephropathy)
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14
Q

what are4 complication of CKD?

A

-anaemia
-neuropathy
-cvd
-osteodystrophy

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15
Q

how is CKD diagnosed?

A
  1. U+E
  2. FBC
  3. Urinalysis
  4. renal USS
  5. GFR function staging
  6. albumin: creatinine ratio
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16
Q

what will U+E tell you in CKD?

A

creatine
phosphate

17
Q

what will FBC tell you in CKD?

A

anaemia

18
Q

what will Urinalysis tell you in CKD?

A

haematuria , UTI

19
Q

what will Renal USS tell you in CKD?

A

Bilateral renal atrophy

20
Q

what is a significant albumin: creatine ratio?

A

> 3 significant proteinuria

21
Q

How is CKD treated?

A
  • no cure , treat complications
22
Q

CKD complications Treatment- anaemia?

A

EPO
FE

23
Q

CKD complications Treatment- CVD?

A

Ace-I
statins

24
Q

CKD complications Treatment- oedema?

A

diuretics

25
Q

CKD complications Treatment- osteodystrophy?

A

vit D

26
Q

CKD complications Treatment- diabetes?

A

metformin

27
Q

what is the last resort of treatment for CKD?

A

RRT
Renal transplant

Renal (14 decks)

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