nephritic syndrome

Question 1

what is nephritic syndrome?

Answer 1

a group of symptoms that occur with some disorders that cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney

Question 2

what are the types of causes of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 2

• systemic
• renal
• all examples of T3 hypersensitivity except good pastures ( T2)

Question 3

what are the renal causes of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 3

• ig A nephropathy

Question 4

what are the systemic causes of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 4

• SLE
• post strep glomerulonephritis
• good pastures
• small vessel vasculitis

Question 5

how is nephritic syndrome diagnosed?

Answer 5

• kidney biopsy
• urinalysis
• bloods ( high ESR + CRP)

Question 6

how is nephritic syndrome treated?

Answer 6

• BP control - Acei/ ARB
• corticosteroids - inflammation

Question 7

what is IgA nephropathy?

Answer 7

• deposition of IgA into the mesangium of the kidney

Question 8

what are the symptoms of IgA nephropathy?

Answer 8

-presents asymptomatically
-haematuria

Question 9

what does IgA nephropathy cause?

Answer 9

• causes inflammation and damage

Question 10

how is IgA nephropathy diagnosed?

Answer 10

• immunoflourescence microscopy –> IgA complex deposition
• Biopsy

Question 11

what is the treatment for IgA nephropathy?

Answer 11

-non curative
-30% progress to ESRD ( End stage renal disease)
- BP control- Acei
- fish oil and steroids if persistent proteinuria

Question 12

what is post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 12

• deposition of strep antigens ( group A, B) haemolytic strep ( s pygones) post infection ( 3-6 weeks)

Question 13

what does post strep glomerulonephritis cause?

Answer 13

inflammation and damage

Question 14

what are the symptoms of post strep glomerulonephritis

Answer 14

• visible haematuria
• acute nephritis

Question 15

how is post strep glomerulonephritis diagnosed

Answer 15

• evidence of strep infection
• light microscope
• e microscope
• immunoflouresence

Question 16

what is the treatment for post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 16

• self limiting usually
• antibodies
• can progress to RPGN
  (Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)

Question 17

when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does light microscope show?

Answer 17

• hypercellular glomeruli

Question 18

when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does electron microscope show?

Answer 18

• subendothelial immune complex deposition

Question 19

when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis what does immunoflouresence show?

Answer 19

• shows starry sky appearance

Question 20

what is good pastures?

Answer 20

• auto antibodies to type IV collagen in glomerular and alveolar membranes
• pulmonary and alveolar haemorrhage and glomerulonephritis

Question 21

what are the symptoms of good pastures?

Answer 21

• SOB
• oliguria

Question 22

how is good pastures diagnosed?

Answer 22

anti GBM ( antibodies) in blood and biopsy

Question 23

how is good pastures treated?

Answer 23

• plasma exchange
• steroids
  -cyclophophamide

Question 24

what is SLE?

Answer 24

• occurs in people with lupus ( autoimmune disease)
• lupus antibodies affect kidney leading to inflammation

Question 25

how is SLE diagnosed?

Answer 25

- ANA +ve - anti dsDN +ve

Question 26

how is SLE treated?

Answer 26

- steroids - hydroxychloroquine - immunosuppressants

Question 27

what is small vessels vasculitis?

Answer 27

- Henoch Schonlein Purpura - affects kidneys and joints due to IgA deposition

Question 28

what are the symptoms of small vessel vasculitis?

Answer 28

- purpuric rash on legs - nephritic syndrome - joint pain

Question 29

how is small vessel Vasculitis diagnosed?

Answer 29

- renal biopsy

Question 30

how is small vessel vasculitis treated?

Answer 30

- corticosteroids - BP medication