Chronic Nasal Disease

Question 1

What is stertor?

Answer 1

(A low frequency snoring inspiratory sound, generated by vibrations of the soft palate, pharynx, and/or nasopharynx, indicates nasal dz, elongated soft palate, or nasopharyngeal dz)

Question 2

What is stridor?

Answer 2

(A high frequency inspiratory and/or expiratory sound that results from impaired airflow through the larynx and/or trachea)

Question 3

(T/F) If a dog has unilateral epistaxis, that rules out a systemic disease.

Answer 3

(F, unilateral epistaxis is more likely to occur with primary intranasal dz but some dogs (52% according to one study) with systemic causes of epistaxis will have unilateral signs)

Question 4

What is the most common cause of epistaxis in dogs?

Answer 4

(Neoplasia)

Question 5

What age and type of dogs is more likely to be affected with nasal aspergillosis?

Answer 5

(Young to middle aged mesaticephalic or dolichocephalic dogs (the singular good thing about brachycephalics))

Question 6

What is the onset for nasal foreign bodies typically?

Answer 6

(Sudden/acute, can progress to chronic if the initial signs are ignored)

Question 7

Which teeth are typically the culprits associated with tooth root abscesses and/or oronasal fistulas?

Answer 7

(Carnassial or canine)

Question 8

What signalment is associated with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis?

Answer 8

(Young to middle aged, typically large breed dogs)

Question 9

Feline inflammatory nasal polyps are more common in what age of cat?

Answer 9

(Young, average age is 1.5 years)

Question 10

Nasopharyngeal stenosis can be congenital or secondary to what other issues?

Answer 10

(Inflammation is the key that leads to nasopharyngeal stenosis so chronic rhinitis, aspiration rhinitis, and/or trauma can all lead to stenosis; most commonly caused by URI in cats but you may not always be able to ID why this occurred)

Question 11

What feline viral infection can cause epithelial necrosis and osteolysis of nasal turbinates which if severe enough can be permanent and result in chronic rhinosinusitis +/- secondary bacterial infections?

Answer 11

(Feline herpesvirus)

Question 12

How is cryptococcosis diagnosed?

Answer 12

(Cytology, serology (specifically a latex capsular agglutination titer), or culture (not recommended bc it takes too longer and the other options are more efficient))

Question 13

What is the most common type of neoplasia associated with the nasal cavity in cats?

Answer 13

(Lymphoma, ddx could include adenocarcinoma or sarcoma)

Question 14

What are some potential complications associated with the removal of nasal polyps in cats?

Answer 14

(Horner’s syndrome, vestibular syndrome, facial nerve paralysis, and/or chronic otitis media/interna; most of these are transient)