Church History Flashcards by Jonathan Franzone

When were the books of the Bible divided into chapters? Into verses?

Chapters in 1228 (by Stephen Langton)
Verses in 1551 (by Robert Stephanus)

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Among the church fathers, who were the “Apostolic Fathers”?

Papias
Polycarp
Ignatius
First Clement (Clement of Rome)
Barnabas; Didache
Shepherd of Hermas

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Among the church fathers, who were “The Apologists”?

Justin Martyr
Taitian
Tertullian

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Among the church fathers, who were “The Polemicists”? (Name four)

Irenaeus
Hippolytus
Tertullian (again)
Cyprian
And sometimes Clement of Alexandria and Origen

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(60-130), Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia, Asia Minor. He knew Polycarp and heard John speak. Claimed Mark was the interpreter of Peter and that Matthew wrote in Hebrew. Wrote: Explanation of the Sayings of Our Lord. Writings are lost, but portions survive in Irenaeus and Eusebius. Martyred at Pergamum.

Papias

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(67-107), pupil of John; Bishop of Antioch, Syria, he wrote seven letters while going to Rome to suffer martyrdom. These writings are similar to New Testament epistles in style. Provides evidence for the early and rapid development of the bishopric. He stresses the need for unity in the church by rooting out heresy and being subject to the leaders of the church. Opposed Ebionism and Docetism.

Ignatius

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Written ca. 70-120 (Alexandria?), this epistle is quite allegorical and anti- Judaic. The basic point of his epistle is that it is not necessary to keep the Law.

Barnabas

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(d. 100), Bishop in Rome, he wrote a letter to Corinth, which is the earliest Christian writing outside the New Testament. This letter admonished the Corinthians to restore older presbyters who had been ousted by younger ones.

Clement of Rome

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This pseudo-epistle was written to Corinth to encourage practical living and a sound view of Christ.

2 Clement

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(69-156), a disciple of John and Bishop of Smyrna, he was burned at stake; corresponded with Ignatius. One of his letters survives: To the Philippians, encouraging faith in Christ.

Polycarp

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A.k.a Teachings of the Twelve (Alexandria? - late 1st or early 2d century): A church manual, divided into two parts: a moral treatise based on an ancient work of non-Christian origin; a treatise on church rites and order. Exhorts to living a good Christian life in view of the return of Christ.

Didache

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(100-165), a Greek born in Palestine, Studied philosophy in Ephesus. Taught Christian philosophy at Ephesus, then went to Rome to teach. He was martyred under Marcus Aurelius. Two of his works remain: Dialogue with Trypho (discussion with a Jew about the superiority of Christianity); and Apology (directed to Emperor Antoninus Pius as a defense of Christianity). First apologist to defend Christianity in Hellenistic modes. He believed the pagan philosophers had read and learned from the Old Testament. Opposed Gnosticism, especially Docetism. Opposed Marcionism.

Justin Martyr

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Brought up in Smyrna (130-200 AD); a pupil of Polycarp and Papias. He became Bishop of Lyons. He wrote extensively against gnostics, especially in his Against Heresies, where he also refuted Marcion.

Irenaeus

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(150-215), He was the second head of the school in Alexandria, which later became a catechetical school for Christianity. His works follow Philo’s allegorical method and Greek influence. He saw philosophy as a schoolmaster to bring the Hellenistic mind to Christ. He wrote many works still available e.g., Exhortation to the Gentiles; Miscellanies; Who is the Rich Man that Shall be Saved?

Clement of Alexandria

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(185-254), he was one of the most learned of the Fathers and was a voluminous writer and extreme ascetic who admired the martyrs. He compiled Hexapla: the Bible in six columns in various languages and versions. Very allegorical in interpretation. He wrote first systematic theology: De Principiis, and many commentaries.

Origen

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(160-220), born at Carthage. he became a Roman lawyer at Carthage. Later, he became a distinguished defender of Christianity. Father of Latin theology. Became a Montanist for a while. He wrote much in defense of Christianity. First employed the word “Trinity.” Wrote: To the Nations; Apology; Against the Jews.

Tertullian

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(195-258), Bishop of Carthage, North Africa, he devoted himself to giving money to the poor, ascetic retirement and study of Scripture. Often called “the Father of Episcopacy.” Wrote: On the Unity of the Catholic Church.

Cyprian

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(264-340), Considered the “Father of Church History,” he was Bishop of Caesarea and a significant influence upon Constantine. His Ecclesiastical History was originally ten volumes.

Eusebius

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(345-407), Born at Antioch and called “The Golden Mouthed,” he was the greatest preacher of his day. Fearlessly preached against moral laxity in the church and even criticized the empress. He sought the grammatical sense of the text in a method revived by the reformers.

John Chrysostom

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(340-420), Educated at Rome; lived many years in Bethlehem. Translated Bible into Latin (the Vulgate). Secretary to the Pope (Damasus) for several years. Promoter of monastic asceticism and celibacy. Called the “most learned man of the Latin Fathers.” A Hebrew and Greek scholar. Wrote: On the Lives of Illustrious Men; Against Jovian.

Jerome

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(354-430),Bishop of Hippo, North Africa. The greatest theologian of the early church. Was a Manichaean for awhile. Upon conversion to orthodox doctrine, he wrote his On the Trinity which brought the Trinitarian doctrine to maturity. The sack of Rome by King Alaric led to pagans blaming the fall to Rome’s desertion of the old gods and adoption of Christianity. He wrote his City of God in response, which was a massive attack on paganism in all areas of life and offered a biblical view of 33 history, time, and the state. He also wrote against Pelagius, setting forth a biblical view of Adam and sin.

Augustine

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(295-373), He was a vigorous opponent of Arianism for forty-five years. Emphasized necessity of incarnation. Exiled five times. His Life of Antony made strong impact on many in West for monasticism. He also wrote: Oration on the Incarnation of the Word; Three Orations against the Arians; Letter Concerning Synods.

Athanasius

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(374-397), Bishop of Milan. His writings represent an official witness to the teachings of the Roman Church in his own time; constantly appealed to by later popes and councils. Employed mystical and allegorical means of interpretation. Wrote: On the Faith; Mystery of the Lord’s Incarnation; On the Holy Spirit.

Ambrose

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(480-547), Though he did not intend to establish an order, his views resulted in the founding of the Order of monks with his name. Very strict in morality through his Rules, characterized by moderation and sensibility, even dealing with matters of dress. His Rule is opposed to asceticism in that he wanted to create an environment where ordinary men could serve God with a balanced life.

Benedict

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(1033-1109), Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of Scholasticism. He argued for the existence of God by an appeal to reason alone, and created the Ontological Argument for God's existence. He wrote on the necessity of the atonement in his Cur Deus homo? (Why Did God Become Man?)

Anselm

(1090-1153), Hymn-writer and Christian mystic. Challenged popes and princes about their Christian commitment and urged lives of mystical devotion. Abelard was one of his antagonists. He supported the Second Crusade with great fervor and wrote: "O Sacred Head Now Wounded" and "Jesus, the Very Thought of Thee."

Bernard of Clairvauxs

(1170-1221) Spanish scholar concerned with missions in France among Albigensian/Cathari heretics, who became a serious threat to the hegemony of Rome. Urged missionaries to the Albigensians be self- denying as they sought to win them back into the fold. Established a new order of preachers know by his name.

Dominic

(1182-1226) On a pilgrimage to Rome he knelt beside a leper to give him alms and kiss his sores. He later heard a voice of revelation from God ordering him to restore a ruined church in San Damiano. He committed to a life of poverty, not intending to start an order. The order founded in his name gradually developed in a way displeasing to him. He sought the worship of God through nature.

Francis of Assisi

(1225-74), A member of the Dominican order, he taught in Paris, Rome, and elsewhere. His use of Aristotelian philosophy resulted in the condemnation of his views for about fifty years. He was eventually vindicated. He taught that philosophy is the servant of theology, which is the queen of the sciences, and that the philosophical attitude is religiously neutral in that its premises are universally accessible. He held to the autonomy of natural reason, which human reason remaining fully operative despite the Fall. He wrote: Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles.

Thomas Aquinas

(1491-1556), Spanish ascetic who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Experienced a mystical vision of the Virgin Mary while wounded and was influenced by ascetics. Returned eventually to his education and began to influence fellow students at the University of Paris.

Ignatius of Loyola

(1624-91), Following a religious experience in 1646, he became an itinerant preacher establishing Quakerism (The Society of Friends) in Europe, Africa, Asia, and America.

George Fox

(1559-1609), Dutch theologian; minister in Amsterdam and eventually professor of theology at Leiden. Founder of anti-Calvinist Reformed theology. Charged with deviation from the Belgic Confession and Heidelberg Catechism.

Jacob Arminius

(1600-61), Scottish minister and covenanter. Alarmed at the spread of Arminianism in Scotland, he wrote against it. The ruling Episcopalian party deprived him of his charge, for this. He became professor at St. Andrews, and was a Scottish commissioner to the Westminster Assembly. Published Lex Rex in 1644.

Samuel Rutherford

(1603-69) Reformed German linguist and considered by many to be the father of federal theology. Denounced scholastic tendencies within Calvinism and developed theology from the biblical covenants.

Johannes Cocceius

(1768-1834), Liberal German theologian who redefined religion as a feeling of dependence upon God as man realizes how limited and temporary he is. Sin is man's attempt to be independent. Redemption is 35 the restoration of man's true dependence. Religions are not to be considered true or false, but graded according to relative decrees of adequacy. All advances in religion in history are fuller manifestations of the human consciousness of God. His views were influential for Neo-Orthodoxy and Existentialism.

Friederich Schleiermacher

(1792-1860), German theologian and founder of Tübingen school of theology. Strongly influenced by Schleiermacher and Hegel. Held that all historical progress must be through the three stages of thesis, antithesis, synthesis. He re-dated the books of the New Testament on where they were in this process (Peter being more Judaic and Paul more universal), with the greater part of the New Testament written in the second century.

F. C. Baur

(1761-1834), Father of modern missionary movement. Baptist missionary to India. Master of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, and Dutch. Particular Baptist. Coined aphorism: "Expect great things from God. Attempt great things for God."

William Carey

(1832-1905), Founder of China Inland Mission. Medical missionary. One of the most profound pioneering spiritual influences in China, going to regions where none had ventured with the gospel of Christ before.

J. Hudson Taylor

Name the two philosophers that had a prominent role in undermining Scholasticism:

1. Duns Scotus (1266-1308) 2. William of Occam (d. 1349)

In 367, who prepared a list of 27 books which is identical with our New Testament Canon?

Athanasius

Which councils, in 393 and 397, confessed the canonical character of the 27 books of the New Testament?

The Council of Hippo and the Council of Carthage

When and under whom did Christianity become the state religion of the Roman Empire?

Theodosius (around 380)

Which two Roman emperors were the most severe persecutors?

1. Nero 2. Diocletian

2nd century error that grew up in Palestine. Practically a continuance of the Judaistic opposition to Paul. Much stress on the law, sabbath, and the 36 need of circumcision. Denied the death of Christ. Virtually disappeared by the fifth century.

Ebionism

Representatives: Cerinthus (d. 100); Marcion (d. 160); Mani (Iranian philosopher, d. 277). A problem Paul faces in Col. 2:18ff. It borrowed elements from Judaism, Christianity, Greek philosophy, and oriental mysticism. Taught that matter was evil and spirit good. God created the world through a series of emanations that became increasingly evil. The Old Testament God or demiurge was evil. The New Testament God took pity on man and sent his highest emanation, Christ to minister to man's needs. Intuitive knowledge gave insight into mysteries for the initiated.

Gnosticism

Mid-2d century, founder: Montanus in Phyrgia, Asia Minor. Taught the end of the world was at hand and that he was introducing the age of the Holy Spirit in preparation. Strong emphasis on special spiritual gifts and asceticism.

Montanism

Founder: Mani from S. Babylonia (240). Radical dualism that held there is an absolute evil and an absolute good power. The God of the Old Testament was an evil demon; the God of Christianity was a good god. Sin is caused by material connection. Dualistic: the kingdom of darkness attacked kingdom of light and produced a mixed creation. Helped to foster asceticism and division into clergy and laity.

Manichaenism

Founder: Marcion (140) Composed a canon of a mutilated Luke and ten of Paul's epistles. Rejected the entire Old Testament. Dualistic: God of Old Testament is not the God of the New Testament. Jesus was not a material being.

Marcionism

Founder: Donatus the Great (316). His followers sought to established a "pure" church, separating from the catholic church. They believed the sacraments performed by unholy bishops were invalid.

Donatism

Named for Novation, Bishop of Rome (251-253). Defended the Trinity against the Monarchians, but denied the lapsed re-entry into the church and advocated a purist conception of the church. Caused a division in the church that lasted until the sixth century.

Novatianism

Dates: 3rd c. Modalistic, they held that the Father alone possesses true personality; the Word and Spirit were impersonal attributes of the Godhead. Jesus was but a temporary form of manifestation of God. Cyprian called them patripassionists.

Monarchianism

Named for Sabellius of Rome (3rd century), a species of Modalistic Monarchianism. Taught that a divine monad by process of expansion 37 projected itself successively in revelation as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. These were three different modes revealing the same divine person. As Father he was divine lawgiver to Moses; as Son he was incarnate; as Spirit he was the inspirer of the Apostles. But it is the one and the same God who thus appears in these successive and transitory relations.

Sabellianism

Named for Arius (318), elder of Alexandria. Taught that Christ was different in essence than the Father and that there was a time he did not exist. Athanasius, arch-deacon of Alexandria, rose in opposition to him. Constantine called the ecumenical council at Nicea, northwest Asia Minor, to deal with the problem.

Arianism

Named for Pelagius (354?-418+). Held to man's unconditional free-will, and taught that Adam's sin affected only himself; man is on the same plane as Adam prior to the fall. Man has no bias toward sin. Also taught that grace acts externally through revelation and reason rather than internally. Opposed by Augustine. Condemned by the Council of Ephesus in 431.

Pelagianism

Named for Apollinaris of Laodicea (d. 392). Believed that if one failed to diminish the human nature of Christ in some way, dualism would be the outcome. Taught that Christ had a human body and soul, but not a human spirit: the Logos served as the spirit in Jesus.

Apollinarianism

Named for Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople (428). Held the unity of Christ's two wills but not the unity of essence. The relation between the two natures of Christ was a moral conjunction, a merging of wills, not an essential union. This resulted in a dualism. Christ had a full deity but an incomplete humanity.

Nestorianism

(Fifth-sixth century). Holds that the incarnate Christ had only a single, divine nature, clad in human flesh. It is sometimes called Eutychianism, after Eutyches (d. 454), one of its leading defenders. The Council of Chalcedon declared it heretical.

Monophysitism

Eastern church heresy in the seventh century and a corollary of monophysitism. Since Christ had only one nature (physis) he must have had only one will (thelein).

Eutychianism

Starting in the third century, this was a reaction to worldliness whereby many taught that matter is evil and it was better to remove oneself from the 38 world into monastic communities to engage in religious exercises. It began in the late third century.

Monasticism

Named for Faustus Socinus (1539-1604). Anti-Trinitarian from Italy. Came to anti-Trinitarian views on assumption that theology must be rational and philosophical. Christ had a human nature and did not become divine until after his resurrection. Repentance and good works could bring salvation apart from the atonement. Christ was sent by God as an example, not as a redeemer, for Christ could only obey for himself. Forerunner to Unitarianism (early 1700s).

Socinianism

A form of Christian philosophy and theology developed by scholars called the schoolmen in medieval Europe. Synthesized ideas in classical Roman and Greek writings and in the Bible, church fathers, and other medieval writings. First great developer was Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109, 11th century). Other major schoolmen: Peter Abelard, Hugh of St. Victor, Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter Lombard, and Thomas Aquinas.

Scholasticism

Named for Moses Amyraut (1596-1664).Taught the doctrine of hypothetic universal grace, which approached a universal atonement, despite his acceptance of the article of the Synod of Dordt. He taught that the will always follows the intellect and that God wills the salvation of all, but man's intellect is incapable of causing the will to believe.

Amyraldianism

The purchase of church office by money

Simony

325, First ecumenical council. Called by the Emperor Constantine. Condemned Arianism by declaring the Son was the same in essence with the Father and was very God of very God.

Nicea

381, Second ecumenical council; called by emperor Theodosius I. Called to settle several problems. Corrected Semi-Arianism which attempted a middle course, declaring the Son is like the Father (homoiousion), not the same as the Father (homoousion, from the Nicene Creed). Apollinarius of Laodicea taught that the deity of the Logos completely replaced the soul and mind of the incarnate Christ. Apollinarianism was condemned. Also extended the orthodox doctrine to include the deity and personality of the Holy Spirit.

Constantinople

431, 3rd ecumenical council; called by emperor Theodosius II. Called to settle the concept of theotokos (mother of God) applied to Mary and the Nestorian controversy. Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, believed the Logos and human person were joined in harmony of action but not in a single personhood. Also condemned Pelagianism's rosy view of human nature.

Ephesus

451 (held in Asia Minor), Fourth ecumenical council; called by Eastern emperor Marcion. Established that Christ was truly God and truly man within whom the two natures are united in one person without confusion, change, division, or separation. Declared monophysitism heretical.

Chalcedon

1215, Decreed transubstantiation as Catholic doctrine

Fourth Lateran Council

1545-63, Called to counter the Reformation. It dealt with necessary disciplinary reforms within the church and the definition of dogma. Declared erroneous Luther's doctrine that Christ's righteousness is extrinsic and imputed to the justified; declared that man cooperates in salvation, though is incapable in and of himself; declared that grace is forfeited by grievous sins and must be recovered through penance; declared that salvation is a reward as well as a gift to the meritorious fulfilling of the Law by good works while in a state of grace.

Council of Trent

1869-1870, Defined the infallibility of the Pope as being when he spoke ex cathedra. Cut short by the Franco-Prussian War

Vatican Council I

1962-65, Allowed salvation outside of Romanism; emphasis on laity in church; allowed that the college of bishops was in union with the pope in authority; more emphasis on Scripture's authority.

Vatican Council II

Who founded Islam? When?

Mohammed was born at Mecca in 570. In 610 he declared himself a prophet; in 622 he fled to Medina where he was received, became a warrior, and began to propagate his faith by the sword.

What are the five pillars of Islam?

1. Recite the creed ("There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah.") 2. Five daily prayers toward Mecca 3. Payment of charitable tax 4. Fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once

440-461, Major figure in developing papacy; saved Rome from sacking; Emperor declared all bishops subservient to Rome's.

Leo I

590-604, Stabilized Europe; established control over churches in Italy, Spain, Gaul, & England; one of four great Latin doctors; first true pope.

Gregory I

795-816, Charlemagne recognized temporal power of papal states; Pope granted Charlemagne the title ‚ÄúRoman Emperor‚Äù; began Holy Roman Empire; one of the greatest influences in bringing the papacy to world power. This Holy Roman Empire lasted a thousand years-in name, at least. It was brought to an end by Napoleon in 1806.

Pope Leo III

1073-1185, His concern was to reform the clergy, pulling it from its immorality and simony. He resisted the right of the emperor to appoint church officers, thereby undermining simony. He banned clerical marriage to prevent its becoming a hereditary caste.

Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand)

1198-1216, Claimed to be the "Vicar of Christ," "Vicar of God," "Supreme Sovereign over the Church and the World." He brought the church into supreme control of the state. Perhaps the most powerful pope in history. He decreed transubstantiation and declared papal infallibility at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.

Innocent III

Pope during the outbreak of the Reformation. Nearly bankrupted papacy. Renewed the selling of indulgences to finance papacy.

Leo X

What were the forged documents claiming ancient proof of papal control of Western Provinces (the most colossal literary fraud in history)?

Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals (One called the "Donation of Constantine")

What were the issues causing the eventual division of Eastern from Western Christian? When was the final breach?

1. The iconoclastic controversy 2. Rome's claim that its bishop is the unique successor to Peter 3. The filioque ("and from the Son") controversy wherein Eastern Orthodoxy holds that asserting that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son implies there are two principles in the Godhead, thereby negating the Trinity. 4. Clerical celibacy 5. The Crusaders' sack of Constantinople (1204) 6. The final breach was in 1204

When were the Crusades and what were they about?

The Crusades (1095-1272) were an effort to regain the Holy Land for Christendom from the Muslims who had overtaken the city and persecuted Christians.

How many major Crusades were there?

Seven

Who instituted the Inquisition? When? Why?

* Pope Gregory IX * 1227-41 * To stop the spread of such groups as the Waldenses

These were sold by the Roman Church for the purpose of financing St. Peter's church. They were claimed to gain the release of loved ones from purgatory. Luther's "Ninety-five Theses" was a response to their sale.

Indulgences

Which council formally decreed the seven sacraments of the Roman Church?

The Council of Florence (1439)

France, latter part of 12th century. He translated portions of the Bible into vernacular, stressed lay preaching, taught that Rome was not infallible. Gave all he had to the poor. The Pope initially considered him and his followers ignorant laymen and refused to allow them to preach. Because of their refusal to submit to the Pope they were excommunicated. This forced them out of the church, which led others out. Influence spread in France, Italy, and Spain.

Peter Waldo

England, 1320-84. "Morning Star of the Reformation" Translated Scripture into vernacular. The wealth of the church and clerical interference in political life aroused his opposition. He opposed the infallibility of the Pope, denied transubstantiation and stressed the responsibility of the clergy to serve rather than rule. Protected by Parliament from Gregory XI condemnation in 1377. His followers were called "poor priests" and dressed in barefoot and long robes. They spread in Britain and on the Continent. His followers were called Lollards. After he died his bones were exhumed and burned.

John Wycliffe

1369-1415 (Bohemia). Very educated priest and teacher of philosophy. Similar to and a defender of Wycliffe, but with greater influence in Europe. Urged the faithful not to seek Christ in the miraculous but in Scripture. Greatly influenced Luther. Excommunicated and burned at the stake.

John Hus

1494-1536 (England). English reformer, Greek and Hebrew scholar, and Bible translator. Used the same Greek text as did Luther. English church authorities attempted to destroy all printings of the his English translations. He had to work abroad because of resistance by English authorities. While imprisoned in Brussels his associate Miles Coverdale finished the Bible translation project. He was strangled and burned at the stake.

William Tyndale

He nailed his Ninety-five Theses on the church door at Wittenburg on October 31, 1517

Martin Luther

Luther was protected by this man from the Pope

Frederic of Saxony

Luther was summoned in 1521 to the:

Diet of Worms

Luther's right hand man at Wittenberg was:

Philipp (Schwartzerd) Melanchthon

Luther wrote this famous reply to humanist scholar Erasmus:

The Bondage of the Will

(1484-1531) He sparked the Reformation in German speaking Switzerland

Huldreich Zwingli

French reformer, (1509-64) was born in Picardy, France

John Calvin

At the age of 26 Calvin published the first edition of:

Institutes of the Christian Religion

German reformer (1491-1551); at fifteen he joined the Dominicans and was trained in Thomistic scholastic theology.

Martin Bucer

Scottish reformer; Served as Chaplain at St. Andrews Castle, a Protestant center.

John Knox

Those who did not subscribe to the Act of Uniformity were forbidden pulpits. Those who resisted were the:

Covenanters

What are the nine leading Reformed creeds and their dates:

1. Gallic Confession: French (1559) 2. Scottish Confession: Scotland (1560) 3. Belgic Confession: Dutch (1561) 4. The Heidelberg Catechism: German by Zacharias Ursinus 5. First Helvetic Confession: Swiss and German (1536); and Second Helvetic Confession (1566) 6. Westminster Confession: English (1647) 7. Canons of the Synod of Dordt: Dutch (1619) 8. Savoy Declaration: English Independents (1658) 9. London Baptist Confession (1689)

Supported publishing the Bible in English. Helped gradually transform the Mass in England under Edward VI (1547-53) and produced a masterful English Prayer Book. He was charged with sedition for his Protestantism when Mary Tudor ascended the throne, but was spared death. Just before burned to death he recanted his disavowal of Protestantism and stuck his right hand in the flames to show his regret for publishing what he knew was contrary to the truth.

Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)

English Protestant reformer and martyr. A senior advisor to Henry VIII. He later resigned because he would not sign the Six Articles which were designed to prevent the spread of Protestant doctrine. He became prominent in Edward VI's reign, but when Mary I became queen he was imprisoned and burned at the stake.

Hugh Latimer (1485-1555)

The term used to describe the view that the state had supremacy over the church altogether.

Erastianism

It is one of the documents from the Scottish divines wherein they affirmed their endeavor to promote the reformed faith in Scotland, England, and Ireland and to destroy papacy.

Solemn League and Covenant

Constantine granted Christians religious liberty in 313 with this edict

Edict of Milan

France (732). One of the most decisive battles of history. Charles Martel defeated the Moslem army and saved Europe from Islam. Kept Europe occidental rather than oriental, Christian rather than Moslem.

The Battle of Tours

For seventy years (1305-1377) the Pope ruled from Avignon, France as a virtual prisoner of the French king. This was known as:

The Babylonian Captivity

In 1534 Parliament passed this Act, making Henry head of the Church of England

The Act of Supremacy

(1610) The response of the followers of Arminius to the strong predestinarian and total depravity views of Calvinism was known as:

The Remonstrances

(1618-19) International church assembly called by the States General of the Netherlands to settle doctrinal matters troubling the Reformed Church of the Netherlands.

Synod of Dordt

1643-1646. Convened at Westminster Abbey by English Parliament. It was to advise Parliament in restructuring the Church of England along Puritan lines both in terms of government and doctrine. 120 ministers and other Lords and Commons. Scottish delegates were non-voting, but influential.

Westminster Assembly

Church History Flashcards

(113 cards)