CIIP Review Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
This type of compression cannot be reversed, data is lost
A
Lossy
2
Q
This type of compression can be restored to full fidelity (resolution)
A
Lossless
3
Q
What image file type is part of the DICOM 3.0 standard?
A
JPEG
4
Q
How many shades of gray are in a 8 bit image?
A
256
5
Q
How many shades of gray are in a 10 bit image?
A
1024
6
Q
How many shades of gray are in a 12 bit image?
A
4096
7
Q
This component spreads the work over more than one resource to get optimal use of the server resources
A
Load balancer
8
Q
Is a load balancer a virtual or physical device?
A
Virtual
9
Q
This type of network often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies
A
Wide Area Network (WAN)
10
Q
At which three layers of the OSI reference model does the WAN function?
A
- The Physical Layer
- The Data Link Layer
- The Network Layer
11
Q
What are the 4 PACS industry standards?
A
- DICOM
- HL7
- Internet
- IHE
12
Q
This is a standard designed to allow transmission of images between equipment built by different manufacturers
A
DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
13
Q
What is the minimum network information needed to make a DICOM association?
A
- IP address
- Host Name
- Gateway address
- Subnet Mask
- DNS address
14
Q
What is the minimum DICOM information needed to make a DICOM association?
A
- AE Title
- DICOM port number
- SCP/SCU
- Modality worklist
15
Q
This is a workstation dedicated to the quality assurance of the PACS
A
QA workstation
16
Q
What does CPOE stand for?
A
Computerized Provider Order Entry
17
Q
What is the primary benefit of CPOE?
A
It minimizes errors due to poor handwriting
18
Q
What standard is used by the RIS (Radiology Information System)?
A
HL7
19
Q
What does VNA stand for?
A
Vendor Neutral Archive
20
Q
How can you discover unethical behavior in the use of infomatics?
A
Use the audit trail to evaluate actions
21
Q
What are the two types of downtime?
A
Scheduled and unscheduled
22
Q
This is a health information technology system that is designed to assist physicians and other health professionals with clinical decision-making tasks
A
The Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)
23
Q
What is the source of the modality worklist?
A
RIS
24
Q
What is used to capture dose information from the modality?
A
DICOM SR (structured report)
25
What is almost universally utilized for radiologists reporting?
Speech recognition (SR) software
26
What spells out the general convention for keeping files?
The study retention policy
27
How does a storage system know when to purge exams?
They have purge rule sets programmed
28
What is the legal requirement storing images as it pertains to resolution?
Images MUST be stored at the same resolution they were read
29
This standard enables a common registry that can support multiple repositories
Cross Document Sharing (XDS)
30
Which agency is working to establish best practices in regards to cybersecurity?
Medical Imaging Technology Alliance (MITA)
31
What does "Server-side rendering applications" mean?
It means PHI is not left on the mobile device after the images are closed
32
This represents a movement toward centralized storage and accessibility of patient data in an individualized format, and away from inefficient and costly maintenance of department/system specific silos of information.
Instead of having every "ology" on its own system, all info would be stored on the same server
Enterprise Image Management (EIM)
33
What mandates the requirements for disaster recovery
HIPAA Security Requirements
34
What type of viewing capability is required by diagnosticians?
Full-scale viewer
35
What type of viewing capability is required by clinical specialists?
Simple, image manipulation
36
What type of viewing capability is required by clinicians, other healthcare professionals, patients
A simple image viewer
37
What is meant by a zero footprint viewer?
No software is installed on the device you are viewing the images on. It's basically all web based
38
What is the difference between an EMR and an EHR?
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) - Single organization
| Electronic Health Record (EHR) - Cross-organization, like Canada
39
What does RAID Stand for?
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
40
Which RAID level does NOT support redundancy?
RAID 0
41
Which RAID level is called "striping"?
RAID 0
42
Which RAID level is called "mirroring"
RAID 1
43
What are the two types of PACS architectures?
Stand alone - single entity that stores images from modalities
Client-server - Web based PACS that interacts with either dedicated applications or web browser applications
44
Which PACS architecture is described as:
- Images are usually automatically sent from the server to a designated workstation
- Workstations can query and retrieve from each other
- Workstations have the ability to store studies locally
- Often operate in promiscuous mode
Stand-alone
45
Which PACS architecture is described as:
- Images are centrally archived
- Applications interact with the server to display images at client workstation
- Images are not stored locally
- Usually not promiscuous
- Often interfaced with a RIS
Client-server
46
What is WADO?
Web Access to DICOM Persistent Objects
47
What does XML stand for?
Extensible Markup Language
48
What was XML designed for?
To store and transport data
49
What are the 6 components to a PACS system?
- PACS controller
- DICOM gateway
- Archive
- HL7 gateway
- Print server
- Web server
50
This HARDWARE device connects multiple ethernet devices together and makes them act as a single network segment
Hub
51
This improves the distribution of workloads across multiple computing resources such as computers, a computer cluster, and network links
Load Balancer
52
This is a single storage device that operates on data files. It typically makes ethernet and TCP/IP connections
Network Attached Storage (NAS)
53
What type of storage device is an external HDD?
NAS
54
This type of storage device uses FILE level access
NAS
55
This type of storage device uses BLOCK level access
SAN
56
What does SAN stand for?
Storage Area Network (SAN)
57
What type of cable typically connects a NAS?
Ethernet
58
What type of cable typically connects a SAN?
Fiber optic
59
This is a local network of multiple devices that operate on disk blocks
SAN
60
This is directly connected or very tightly coupled to the hose server using protocol such as SCSI, ATA, or fiber-channel
DAS
61
What does DAS stand for?
Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
62
This is a medical imaging technology in which images and documents are stored in a standard format with a standard interface
A vendor neutral archive (VNA)
63
This refers to the ability to host multiple complete operating system (OS) images on a single hardware platform
Virtualization
64
How many steps are in the procurement process?
7
65
This is when a customer needs more INFORMATION from vendors before submitting an RFP
RFI - Request for Information
66
This is an invitation for suppliers to submit a proposal on a specific product or service
RFP - Request for Proposal
67
This is when the customer asks for a price
RFQ - Request for Quote
68
This is a notice that grants are available to fund certain types of projects
RFA - Request for Application
69
Put these in order:
| RFA, RFI, RFQ, RFP
RFI
RFP
RFQ
RFA
70
This type of license corresponds to the number of studies per year
Volume
71
This type of license corresponds to the number of active users that can be logged on at once
Concurrent
72
This type of license corresponds to specific computers or user names
Fixed/Named
73
What does TCO stand for?
Total Cost of Ownership
74
What does ROI stand for?
Return of Invesetment
75
How do you calculate image size?
Calculate the total number of pixels
Multiply by bit depth
Divide the result by 8
76
When dealing with data migration, what type of information is moved?
Metadata - Database of exam, patient, user info
| Pixel Data - DICOM Images
77
This performs HL7 to DICOM translation
The broker
78
This project management document formally AUTHORIZES a project
Project Charter
79
This project management document states WHAT work is to be done and what deliverables need to be produced
Project Scope Statement - also known as the SOW
80
This project management document sates HOW the work will be performed
Project Management Plan
81
This project management stage determines the nature of the project
Initiation
82
What is it when a single deliverable in a project turns into 5?
Scope Creep
83
What is an ill defined scope called?
Scope Gap
84
This is a change in a project due to unexpected behavior
Integration defect
85
This chart depicts task dependencies, start and stop times, and a visual frame of reference
Gantt chart
86
This chart depicts more complex projects and the relationships between activities. It can depict parallel activities
PERT chart
87
This chart can help you visualize the quality analysis aspects of your products and processes
Pareto
88
This is a useful tool for visualizing the various causes surrounding a particular event?
Fishbone
89
This chart can depict who is participating in any task throughout the lifecycle of a project
RACI
90
```
What are the values for the following:
Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
```
```
Bit = 1 or 0
Byte = 8 bytes
Kilobyte = 1,000 bytes
Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes
Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes
Terabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
```
91
This is defined as 32 bits over 4 octets of numbers from 0-255
IP address
92
This determines which octets define the network and which octets define the host
Subnet mask
93
Which part of the subnet mask defines the network?
The first three octets
94
Which part of the subnet mask defines the host?
The last octet
95
What do Class A, B, and C Private IP addresses begin with?
```
A = 10
B = 172
C = 192
```
96
Which OSI layer is the network layer?
Layer 3
97
Which OSI layer is the physical layer?
Layer 1
98
Which OSI layer is the application layer?
Layer 7
99
Which OSI layer do cables belong to?
Layer 1 - Physical
100
Which OSI layer does IP protocol belong to?
Layer 3 - Networking
101
This is a standard interactive and programming language for querying and modifying data and managing databases?
SQL - Structured Query Language
102
This is the structure of a database. It defines the tables, fields in each table, and the relationships between fields and tables
The database schema
103
In SQL, what do PK and FK mean?
PK = Primary Key: The unique identifyer key for a particular table. Usually has a gold key
FK = Foreign Key: Is the primary Key of another table that is referenced. Has a silver key
104
Which SQL function RETRIEVES data?
Select
105
Which SQL function REMOVES data?
Delete
106
Which SQL function MODIFIES data?
Update
107
Which SQL function ADDS rows to a table?
Insert
108
What does DICOM stand for?
Digital Communications in Medicine
109
Which layer does DICOM fall into?
Layer 7 - the application layer
110
What is a DICOM connection also called?
An association
111
What is a DICOM server process called?
A Service Class Provider (SCP)
112
What is a DICOM client process called?
A Service Class User (SCU)
113
What are the functional units of DICOM called?
Service Object Pairs (SOPs)
114
Which 3 components are needed to make a successful DICOM connection?
- IP address
- AE title
- Port
115
What is the most commonly used port in DICOM?
104
116
What does AE Title stand for?
Application Entity Title
117
This is a template used to create instances of objects
Information Object Definition
118
This is the combination of a DICOM service and an object
Service Object Pair
119
What are the two types of DICOM commands
- Composite
| - Normalized
120
This DICOM command refers to operations between objects and services
Composite
121
This DICOM command refers to notifications/operations
Normalized
122
What does Value Representation refer to?
It is a 2 byte character used to describe the data type
123
What is a difference between Explicit and Implicit Value Representation (VR)?
Explicit - includes the VR label
| Implicit - does NOT include the VR label
124
Which type of image compression is solely lossless?
RLE
125
If a DICOM ping fails, what should be the next step?
A network ping
126
What should you check first if there is a DICOM issue?
Conformance
Incorrect configuration
Mismatched port speeds
127
What does IHE stand for?
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise
128
What is IHE?
It is a canned workflow initiative created by healthcare professionals
129
In regards to IHE, what is a more precise definition of how DICOM and HL7 standards are implemented?
Integration Profiles
130
In regards to IHE, this is a system, or part of a system that creates, manages, or acts upon data
Actor
131
In regards to IHE, this is a specific interaction between actors to exchange information
Transaction
132
What are the three types of security?
- Database
- Local Host
- Enterprise/domain
133
This type of security requires the user to authenticate to use the application
Database (think IMPAX)
134
This type of security requires the user to authenticate to use a specific computer
Local host
135
This type of security requires the user to authenticate to a logical "tree"
Enterprise/domain (Windows logon)
136
This type of security provides a consistent application environment regardless of physical location or computer hardware...think PACS
Database
137
What year was HIPAA established?
1996
138
What are the three types of HIPAA security safeguards required for compliance?
- Administrative
- Physical
- Technical
139
What is the maximum penalty if a HIPAA violation is committed under false pretenses?
- Fined not more than $100,000
- Imprisoned not more than 5 years
- or both
140
What is the maximum penalty if a HIPAA violation is committed with the intent to sell, transfer, or use information for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm?
- Fined no more $250,000
- Imprisoned nor more than 10 years
- or both
141
What does HITECH stand for?
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health
142
To be exempt from HIPAA how many identifiers need to be removed?
18
143
This type of remote access is a persistent tunnel between two entities
Site to Site
144
This type of remote access is when the client initiates communication
On demand
145
What is the most current and most secure remote access protocol?
IPSEC - IP security
146
What are the three learning styles as they pertain to end user training?
- Visual
- Auditory
- Kinesthetic
147
This refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives)
Bloom's Taxonomy
148
What are the three domains of Bloom's Taxonomy
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Psychomotor
149
This ensures that standardized methods are used during the handling of all changes
Change Management
150
This type of backup is a complete backup of the entire system
Full Backup
151
This type of backup only backs up files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup
Incremental backup
152
This type of backup only backs up files that have changed since the last full backup
Differential backup
153
This describes how electronic systems' computing power doubles every 2 years
Moore's Law
154
This act oversees mammography and is enforced by the FDA
Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA)
155
This is the creation of a virtual server or a virtual machine that emulates a real computer
Virtualization
156
VMware is what?
A hyper visor
157
This network command tests the connectivity between two hosts
Ping
158
This network command displays the network configuration for a computer
Ipconfig
159
This network command displays the distance in hops between two computers
Tracert
160
This network command resolves host names to IP addresses
Nslookup
161
What does OSI Stand for?
Open Systems Interconnect
162
This is a standard interactive and programming language for querying and modifying data and managing databases
Structured Query Language (SQL)
163
This is the column that indicates a unique ID for a table
The Primary Key
164
This has an object oriented framework but also works in a client-server manner
DICOM
165
Is an AE title case sensitive?
Yes
166
This provides information about the actual performed study, the number of images, the status of the exam, and can be used to communicate dose information
Modality Performed Procedure Setup (MPPS)
167
These are steps in what:
- Identify interoperability problems
- Specify integration profiles
- Test systems at the Connectathon
- Publish integration statements for use in RFPs
Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)
168
What are the four major categories of IHE integration profiles?
- Workflow
- Content
- Presentation
- Infrastructure
169
In regards to the procurement process, where are the following addressed:
- Obsolescence planning
- Extent of support (hardware, software, hours)
- Licensing
- Clear definition of vendor and site responsibilities
- Uptime guarantee
- Payment milestones
Service Level Agreements
170
This is a quality improvement initiative that follows continuous efforts to achieve stable and predictable process results (reduce process variation)
Six Sigma
171
What does PDSA stand for?
Plan
Do
Study
Act
