Circadian, Infradian and Ultradian

Question 1

Siffre (1975)

Answer 1

6 months in a cave
Artificial light came on when awake
After 179 days passed, he thought 151 days had passed
Supports endogenous pacemakers

Artificial lighting could be a confounding variable

Question 2

Folkard et al (1985)

Answer 2

Isolated 12 participants from natural light for 3 weeks
11 out of 12 kept pace with clock
Shows circadian rhythm is free-running

Question 3

Czeiler et al (1999)

Answer 3

24 men and women in subdued light for a month

Showed human sleep schedule of 24 hours 11 minutes

Question 4

Duffy et al (2000)

Answer 4

Early risers prefer 6 am to 10 pm
Late risers prefer 10 am to 1 am

Shows individual differences

Question 5

Aschoff and Weber (1962)

Answer 5

Put participants in bunker
Sleep cycle of 25- 27 hours
Supports endogenous pacemaker

Question 6

McClintock and Stern (1971) (1988)

Answer 6

Found originally:
Looked at whether pheromones affect timing of women’s menstrual cycles
longitudinal
Sweat from armpit wiped under women’s noses

68% responded to pheromones

Question 7

Russell et al (1980)

Answer 7

Underarm sweat to upper lip of women

Support McClintock and Stern

Question 8

Reinberg (1967)

Answer 8

3 months in cave without natural lighting
Menstrual cycle shortened to 25.7 days

Shows can be influenced by exogenous zeitgebers

Question 9

Rosenzweig et al (1999)

Answer 9

Seasonal affective disorder

Winter darkness brings low moods for some.

Supports exogenous zeitgebers

Question 10

Turke (1984)

Answer 10

Evolutionary significance

Women can share child care duties