Circulation and bacteria

Question 1

Arteries and capillaries do not have… what?

Answer 1

Valves

Question 2

The blood flowing through the right side of the heart and going to the lungs is called the ——– ——–

Answer 2

Pulmonary circulation

Question 3

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atria?

Answer 3

Because the atria contract and squeeze blood into ventricles whereas ventricles must pump blood to the lungs (RHS) or the whole way around the body (LHS)

Question 4

Give two reasons why fungi is useful

Answer 4

Fungi’s such as yeast are used in baking and brewing industries and used in the cheese industry

Question 6

What does the heart do?

Answer 6

Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and pumps blood containing sugar and oxygen to every cell in the body so that they can respire

Question 7

Veins have …. ……. that are squashed easily so blood is pushed father along the ……

Answer 7

Flexible walls, vessel

Question 7

Why is fungi dangerous?

Answer 7

Responsible for athletes foot injection, ringworm and they spoil food

Question 8

What keeps blood from flowing backwards in the heart?

Answer 8

A system of one way valves keeps the blood flowing in the right direction.

Question 9

Why is the wall to the left ventricle thicker than the wall on the right ventricle?

Answer 9

The left side of the heart pumps blood around the body so it needs to be stronger to pump blood with more force.

Question 10

Blood is pumped around the body so every cell gets it vital —- so that every cell can carry out the process of ——-

Answer 10

Oxygen, respiration

Question 11

Your heart rate increases when you get excited or when you exercise. Why is this?

Answer 11

The heart rate increases because your muscles need more energy via respiration.

Question 12

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart?

Answer 12

Aorte

Question 13

The blood flowing through the left side of the heart and going around the rest of the body is called the ——– ———-

Answer 13

Systemic circulation

Question 14

Veins carry blood at a very …

Answer 14

Low pressure

Question 15

Which blood vessel carries blood to the kidneys?

Answer 15

Renal artery

Question 16

Describe viruses

Answer 16

Their structure is a head capsule that contains DNA with a long tail with an end plate attached.

Question 17

Which blood vessel carries food to the liver for storage?

Answer 17

Hepatic portal vein

Question 18

Blood transports many substances around the body such as …..

Answer 18

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste, digested food and heat.

Question 19

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 19

To from blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding and prevents infection from getting in

Question 20

When blood enters the heart it is…

Answer 20

Deoxygenated

Question 21

What causes the pulse?

Answer 21

The pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries

Question 22

What do veins do?

Answer 22

Carry blood towards the heart

Question 23

Which blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

Answer 23

Pulmonary vein

Question 23

Capillaries have very….

Answer 23

Thin walls

Question 26

Which blood vessel carries blood rich in oxygen away from the lungs?

Answer 26

Vena Cava

Question 26

Why can viruses be useful

Answer 26

Can be used in genetic engineering

Question 27

Other than these three types of cell, what else makes up the blood?

Answer 27

Plasma

Question 28

Describe bacteria

Answer 28

Cocci are spherical in shape, bacilli are rod shaped, spirochetes are spirals. Some may have a long filament called a flagellum attached which allows them to move.

Question 29

This vessel has a single layer of cells in its wall and allows oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste to flow through it effectively. What is it?

Answer 29

A capillary

Question 30

What do capillaries do?

Answer 30

Carry blood through the organs and tissues

Question 31

List four things that lead to heart disease

Answer 31

Fatty foods, poor diet, smoking, little to no exercise, stressful lifestyle

Question 33

Because the blood travels through the heart twice this means we have a.....

Answer 33

Double circulation

Question 34

This vessel has thick muscular walls that blood pumps through at high pressure. What is it?

Answer 34

An artery

Question 35

This vessel has valves and thin muscular walls. What is it?

Answer 35

A vein

Question 35

How does exercise reduce stress?

Answer 35

There is a sense of well being with exercise, and exercise stimulates the release of brain chemicals similar to morphine

Question 36

People with lower blood pressure are les likely to...

Answer 36

Have a heart attack

Question 38

Why are viruses dangerous? (3)

Answer 38

Viruses cause the flu, chicken pox and AIDS (the HIV virus)

Question 39

Arteries take blood...

Answer 39

Away from the heart

Question 41

What affect does exercise have on coronary arteries?

Answer 41

Coronary arteries become wider and the build up of fatty acids becomes less likely

Question 42

What is e function of haemoglobin?

Answer 42

It bonds with the oxygen so it can be carried to every cell in order to respire

Question 44

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 44

Red blood cells transport oxygen to the tissues

Question 45

Give three reasons why bacteria can be useful

Answer 45

For the production of yoghurt, treating sewage and genetic engineering.

Question 46

In which blood vessel is the pulse created by the heart pumping and contraction of the heart muscle?

Answer 46

Arteries

Question 47

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 47

White blood cells protect the body from infection and viruses by eating the bacteria and creating antibodies

Question 49

Why is bacteria dangerous ?

Answer 49

They are responsible for numerous illnesses including salmonella, MRSA and tuberculosis. They also cause food to go 'off'

Question 50

Describe Fungi

Answer 50

They have a spore case and a network of threads forming a structure called a mycelium.

Question 51

How is heart disease related to cholesterol?

Answer 51

When there is too much cholesterol in your blood, it builds up in the walls of your arteries. The arteries become narrowed and blood flow to the heart muscle is slowed down or blocked. The blood carries oxygen to the heart, and if not enough blood and oxygen reach your heart, respiration cannot be carried out. If the blood supply to a portion of the heart is completely blocked off, the result is a heart attack.

Question 52

Name the composition of blood

Answer 52

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma