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Nurs 101 > Circulation and Oxygenation > Flashcards

Circulation and Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

What is systole?

A

The period of ventricular contraction

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2
Q

What is diastole?

A

The period of ventricular filling

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3
Q

What is S1?

A

Closure of AV valves- semilunar valves open and blood flows from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta

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4
Q

What is S2?

A

Closure of semilunar valves- AV valves open and blood flows from atria to ventricles

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5
Q

Patients with valve disease might have what?

A

A murmur

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6
Q

What is troponin?

A

The cardiac markers of choice for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

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7
Q

Why is troponin significant?

A

It is the central cardiac enzyme for determining if a patient is having a myocardial infarction (MI)

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8
Q

What is the average BPM of SA node?

A

60-100 bpm

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9
Q

What is the average BPM of AV node?

A

40-60 bpm

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10
Q

What is the average BPM of Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers?

A

20-40 bpm

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11
Q

What does an ECG (electrocardiogram) measure?

A

Reflects electrical activity of the conduction system

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12
Q

What happens during polarization?

A

K+ (chief intracellular ion) leaks out of cell

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13
Q

What happens during depolarization?

A

Inflow of Na+ (chief extra ion)

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14
Q

What happens during repolarization?

A

Return of the cell to resting state

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15
Q

What are the three components of the ECG?

A

P wave, QRS wave, T wave

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16
Q

What happens with atrial fibrillation?

A

sites in atria firing 400-600 times/minute

17
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute

18
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

A

CO=HR (heart rate) x SV (stroke volume)

19
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Transient imbalance between the myocardial O2 supply and demand

20
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

Absence of O2 supply to the myocardium resulting in myocardial tissue necrosis

21
Q

What are the three steps of respiration?

A

Ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion

22
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs

23
Q

What is the ideal CO2 and arterial 02 in ventilation?

A

CO2-Between 35-45 mmHg

Arterial O2-Between 95-100 mmHg

24
Q

What is perfusion?

A

The process of pumping oxygenated blood into the tissues and returning de-oxygenated blood to the lungs

25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries. So moving molecules (CO2 and O2 from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration)

26
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do for respiration?

A

Automatic control of respiration (sets breathing rhythm)

27
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do for respiration?

A

Voluntary control of respiration

28
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Inadequate oxygenation of the tissues, which leads to deoxygenation at the cellular level

29
Q

What does an incentive spirometer help with?

A

Preventing atelactasis

Nurs 101 (9 decks)

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