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CIRCULATION & BLOOD VESSELS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cells

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2
Q

Red blood cells made were

A

Made in bone marrow- last 3-4 months
4

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3
Q

Anemia

A

Low red blood cell count
⚫ Decreases amount of oxygen going to tissues
and feeding cells
⚫ Many types
⚫ Makes other conditions worse

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4
Q

Causes Anemia :

A

Bleeding- bowel, rectum, vaginal
⚫ Pregnancy
⚫ Poor nutrition
⚫ Alcoholism
⚫ Chronic diseases 5

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5
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell

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6
Q

what do red blood cels do

A

trans port oxigen p/u O2 in lungs →
bright red → cells → CO2 into RBC →
dark bluish red

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7
Q

what do white blood cels do

A

protect by ingesting and destroying bacteria/
virus move out of vessels into tissue to
fight invaders anywhere
⚫ Made in bone marrow- last 9-10 days
6

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8
Q

Platelets

A

cells necessary for clotting
Made in bone marrow- last 4 days

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9
Q

Plasma

A

mostly water that carries
blood cells(RBC, WBC, platelets),
nutrients, hormones, chemicals to cells,
carries away waste

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10
Q

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF
HEART

A

Hollow, 2 sided pump to
push blood through
vessels
Right side:
⚫ Blood from body
⚫ Blood high in CO2
(dark red)
⚫ Pumps blood to lungs
Left side:
⚫ blood from lungs
⚫ blood high in O2
(bright red)
⚫ pumps blood to body

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11
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
- outer, thin sac covering
Heart
Myocardium
- thick muscular middle layer
Endocardium –
- inner, membrane lining chambers

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12
Q

4 chambers:

A

R atrium – fills with
blood from body
R ventricle –blood from atrium pumped to
lungs
L atrium – fills with blood from lungs
L ventricle – blood from L atrium pumped to
body 11

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13
Q

2 groups of valves

A

Tricuspid – between R atrium & R ventricle
⚫ Mitral/bicuspid – between L atrium & L ventricle

Semilunar - Aortic and Pulmonary Valve

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14
Q

2 phases of heart action:

A

Diastole – fills with blood from lungs/body
Systole – contracts to pump to lungs/body

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15
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart - bright red O2
▪ Aorta from L ventricle to arterioles to cells
▪ thick muscular walls to contract/ relax w/heart beat

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16
Q

Capillaries

A

very tiny one cell thick vessels
▪ Exchange O2, CO2, nutrients takes place with cells
▪ Arterioles ⇒ capillaries ⇒ venules

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17
Q

Veins

A

dark red CO2 blood from cells to heart
▪ Inferior/superior vena cava empty into R atrium
▪ Thin walls with valves to prevent backflow of blood
13

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18
Q

FUNCTION OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

Carries:
⚫ oxygen, nutrients to cells
⚫ hormones to regulate body
processes
⚫ antibodies and white blood
cells to fight infection
⚫ wastes to organs of
elimination
Controls body temperature

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19
Q

HEMORRHAGE

A

Excessive loss of blood in a short time
⚫ Death will occur if too much blood is lost

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20
Q

Internal HEMORRHAGE

A

cannot be seen-occurs in tissue
and body cavities- becomes reddened,
swollen
⚫ Shock, vomiting/coughing up of blood, loss
of consciousness

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21
Q

External HEMORRHAGE

A

can be seen on dressings,
drainage
⚫ Shock can occur

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22
Q

AGING- CARDIOVASCULAR

A

⚫ Arteriosclerosis
⚫ Venus circulation
⚫ Heart less efficient
⚫ Fragile blood
vessels
⚫ Hypertension
⚫ Heart rate
⚫ Peripheral pulses
16

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23
Q

Arteriosclerosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Arteriosclerosis is a type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from the heart (arteries) become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain genetic influences.

24
Q

Peripheral pulses

Study These Flashcards
A

the palpation of the high-pressure wave of blood moving away from the heart through vessels in the extremities following systolic ejection

25
Edema
occurs when the heart's diseased or overworked left ventricle (heart's lower chamber) isn't able to pump out enough of the blood it receives from your lungs.
26
Edema treatment
contract/relax muscles helps blood return to heart
27
Thrombus
⚫ lead to thrombophlebitis /embolus Prevention: ⚫ exercise/ROM ⚫ position to ↓ pressure ⚫ NEVER MASSAGE LEGS
28
Dizziness
sudden  BP from lying to sitting,  blood to brain Prevention: ⚫ sit, stand slowly 17
29
PHLEBITIS
blood clot forming in the leg Causes: ⚫ bacterial infection, chemical irritation, ⚫ trauma, lupus, genetics Signs & Symptoms: ⚫ Redness, warmth, pain, burning, swelling 19
30
THROMBUS – EMBOLUS(I)
Blood clot in vessel ⚫ Decreases/stops flow of blood to tissue ⚫ If it stops flow of blood then tissue dies Causes: ⚫ blood clotting problems, inactivity ⚫ When thrombus travels it is called an embolus ⚫ Can travel to lungs⇒ severe SOB, death Prevention: ⚫ anticoagulant medication ⚫ activity 20
31
Venous ulcers
Open wounds on legs and feet caused by poor circulation through veins ⚫ Blood pools in lower legs, causes edema Causes: inactivity, injury, scratching
32
Arterial Ulcers
Open wounds on lower legs caused by poor arterial blood flow ⚫ Leg looks bluish, cold, shiny ⚫ Painful during rest Causes: Diabetes, hypertension, aging, smoking 21
33
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Inadequate blood to limbs due to  elasticity of arteries- arteriosclerosis ⚫ Feet blue, cold, painful, ⚫ Numbness, poor healing, gangrene=↓blood + infection → death of cells → ↑ poisons & wastes Tx – Test circulation amputation to  spread 22
34
HYPERTENSION Caused by
arteriosclerosis - narrowed blood vessels ⇒heart has to pump with more force/ work harder ⇒heart enlarged, damage eyes, kidneys/other organs, vessels in the brain rupture(stroke)
35
HYPERTENSION Signs & symptoms
None initially then headache, dizzy, blurred vision
36
Complications: HYPERTENSION
Brain-stroke, heart attack, kidney-renal failure, eyes-blindness
37
Treatment HYPERTENSION
Medications, rest, exercise, no smoking,  sodium diet,  calorie 25
38
How at risk are you? HYPERTENSION
age, increases with age (over 35) ⚫ Race, African, South Asia, and Indigenous descent ⚫ Family history ⚫ Being overweight or obese ⚫ Not being physically active, 30 min of activity 3-4 a week ⚫ Using tobacco ⚫ Too much salt (sodium) in your diet, 1tsp a day ⚫ Drinking too much alcohol, more than 2 drinks ⚫ Stress. ⚫ Certain chronic conditions, diabetes, kidney disease and sleep apnea 26
39
Stroke - FAST
F – Face ⚫ A – Arms ⚫ S – Speech ⚫ T - Time
40
STROKE) SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Unconsciousness ⚫ Paralysis of body (hemiplegia) on opposite side of the brain damage ⚫ Noisy breathing ⚫ Convulsions ⚫ Acute incontinence of urine, feces ⚫ Loss of ability to speak (aphasi
41
Systolic
measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats
42
diastolic
measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.
43
High blood pressure
Systolic ≥140 mm Hg ❑ diastolic ≥ 90 mm Hg ❑ 2 consecutive readings
44
HYPERTENSION risk factors
age ethnicity family history obesity stress alcohol smoking kidney desease pregnancy
45
Low Blood Pressure
systolic below 90 diastolic below 60
46
Orthostatic Hypotension
moving quickly from lying to standing
47
Syncope
fainting
48
Atherosclerosis
hickening of artery walls due to build up of cholesterol
49
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Risk factors:
Hypertension, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), poor lifestyle (inactivity, obesity, smoking, alcohol, stress) ⚫ Uncontrolled Diabetes, age, gender, family history Treatment: Reduce risk factors!
50
Angina Pectoris
Caused from decreased blood flow to heart muscle ⚫ Often occurs on exertion 30
51
Triggers of Angina
Physical Exertion ⚫ Heat /Cold ⚫ Emotional Stress ⚫ Heavy Meal ⚫ Alcohol
52
Signs & Symptoms:
⚫ Chest pain- left side ⚫ Shortness of Breath ⚫ Indigestion ⚫ Sweating ⚫ Dizziness ⚫ Fatigue ⚫ Palpitations 31
53
Care for Clients with Angina
Avoid triggers ⚫ Rest - stop exertion activity ⚫ Medication–nitroglycerine (pills, spray, patch) ⚫ Should recover in 3-15 minutes ⚫ Seek medical attention if pain continues ⚫ Bypass surgery
54
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEART ATTACK
55
Signs & symptoms CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Edema of legs/feet/hands ⚫ Weight gain(fluid retention) ⚫ Pulmonary edema,(fluid in lungs) dyspnea
56
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Heart worn out, ↓force to pump ⚫ blood congests in body/lungs
57
(T.I.A.’S)
TRANS ISCHEMIC ATTACKS “WARNING STROKES

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