urinary Flashcards
(40 cards)
Normal urine:
odourless
clear
pale yellow or light amber
Blood, streaks of mucus or sediment in urine is not normal.
Urine excretion increases:
with increased fluid intake
-when a person is anxious or afraid
- in certain diseases (diabetes)
-with certain drugs (diuretics)
Urine decreases with:
decreased fluid intake
- shock or hemorrhage
- fever or disease
- drugs
- increased salt in diet
- temperature – sweating increased
edema
refers to excess fluid in the tissues (swelling)
dehydration
refers to reduced fluid in the tissues
FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
The Urinary system rids the blood of waste products and toxic material by filtering them out.
It r regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body and so maintains a balance.
It excretes fluid wastes from the body
CHANGES THAT NORMALLY OCCUR IN THE URINARY SYSTEM WITH AGING
Reduction in the number of filtering units in the kidney
up to 50% of the filtering units may be lost
kidneys filter blood less efficiently
- toxic wastes can build up in the blood since they are filtered out more slowly
- some nutrients are passed as waste products in the urine instead of being used by the body
Blood flow to the kidneys declines due to arteriosclerosis
this also affects the filtering ability of the kidney
kidneys don’t resist infection as well and recover from injury more slowly
Reduced muscle tone of the urinary tract
organs and tissues become less elastic and have poorer muscle tone·
capacity of bladder often is reduced by 50% and the urge to urinate does not occur until that
capacity is nearly reached·
these changes may cause:
- frequency - voiding small amounts of urine often
- urgency - a strong desire to urinate immediately
- nocturia - having to get up during the night to void
- incontinence - inability to control the passage of urine from the bladder
Enlargement of the prostate gland in men
the prostate gland surrounds the urethra
in elderly males, this gland often enlarges, resulting in narrowing of the urethra
may cause nocturia, difficulty in starting to void and narrowing of the stream of urine
can be corrected by surgery and / or medications
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence means a person leaks urine by accident.
UTI’s
common infections that happen when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra, and infect the urinary tract.
Frequency
how often one pees
Urgency
how soon
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bladder infection. It’s a common type of urinary tract infection (UTI), particularly in women
Dialysis
Dialysis is a type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to.
Urinalysis
a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. It can help find problems that need treatment, including infections or kidney problems
Ileal Conduit
is the most common urinary diversion performed by urologists after a patient undergoes a radical cystectomy (bladder removal). It is a simple form of urinary tract reconstruction
Urinary retention
urinary retention is a condition in which you are unable to empty all the urine from your bladder.
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
is a condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous.
Nocturia
the need for patients to get up at night on a regular basis to urinate.
Dysuria
painful or difficult urination.
Hematuria
there is blood in your urine
Anuria
Urostomy
an opening in the belly (abdominal wall) that’s made during surgery. It re-directs urine away from a bladder that’s diseased, has been injured, or isn’t working as it should. The bladder is either bypassed or removed.
Edema
Pooling of urine WHAT HAPPENS
Urine accumulates in
kidneys, ureters, or
bladder because of
immobility.
Can lead to small
stones forming in the
ureters
