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Concepts NUR 4510 Exam #2 > Circulation: Inflammatory Disorders > Flashcards

Circulation: Inflammatory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

a microbial infection of the endocardium

A

infective endocarditis (previously called bacterial endocarditis)

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2
Q

Patients at risk for infective endocarditis:

A
  • abuse IV drugs
  • have had valve replacements
  • have experienced systemic infection
  • have structural cardiac defects
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3
Q

Possible ports of entry for infecting organisms include:

A
  • oral cavity
  • skin rashes, lesions, or abscesses
  • infections
  • surgery or invasive procedures, including IV line placement
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4
Q

If vegetations of infective endocarditis become so large that blood flow through the valve is obstructed, the valve appears stenotic and then is very likely to what?

A

embolize

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5
Q

S&S of Infective Endocarditis:

A
  • recurrent fevers from 99-103
  • murmurs (regurgitant)
  • anorexia and weight loss
  • development of heart failure
  • systemic emboizatoin
  • petechiae
  • splinter hemorrhages
  • Olser’s nodes
  • Janeway’s lesions
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6
Q

most common infective organism of Infective Endocarditis is:

A
  • Streptococcus viridans
  • staphylococcus aureus
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7
Q

Most common complication of Infective Endocarditis:

A
  • Heart Failure
  • Arterial embolization (occurs in half pts)
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8
Q

black longitudinal lines or small red streaks on the distal third of the nail bed

A

splinter hemorrhages

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9
Q

Prime diagnostic test for Infective Endocarditis:

A
  • positive blood culture
  • low H&H
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10
Q

Treatment for Infective Endocarditis:

A
  • Antimicrobials (IV, 5-6wks)

*if ineffective

  • surgical removal
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11
Q

Do anticoagulants prevent emolization from vegetations?

A

No

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12
Q

an inflammation or alteration of the pericardium (the membranous sav that encloses the heart)

A

Acute pericarditis

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13
Q

S&S of Pericarditis:

A
  • grating pain that is aggravated by breathing (substernal precordial pain that ratiates to Left side of neck, shoulder, or back)
  • pain is worse in supine position and may be relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
  • high-pitched pericardial friction rub over left lower sternal border
  • elevated WBC
  • fever
  • ST-T spiking
  • A. Fib
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14
Q

Treatment of Acute Pericarditis:

A
  • NSAIDs or corticosteroids
  • sitting upright, slightly forward
  • Pericardial drainage
  • Monitor for pericardial effusion
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15
Q

S&S of chronic constrictive pericarditis:

A
  • right sided HF
  • elevated systemic venous pressure with jugular distention
  • hepatic engorgement
  • dependent edema
  • exertional fatigue and dyspnea
  • thickening of pericardiam (ECHO/CT)
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16
Q

Treatment for uremic pericarditis:

A
  • hemodialysis
17
Q

Treatment of chronic pericarditis caused by malignant disease:

A

radiation or chemotherapy

18
Q

occurs when the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericadium fills with fluid

A

pericardial effusion

19
Q

may occur when small volumes (20-50mL) of fluid accumulate rapidly in the pericardium and cause a sudden decrease in CO.

A

Acute Cardiac Tamponade

20
Q

S&S of cardiac tamponade:

A
  • jugular venous distention
  • paradoxical pulse
  • decreased heart rate, dyspnea, and fatigue
  • muffled heart sounds
  • hypotension
21
Q

systolic blood pressure 10mmHg or more higher on expiration than on inspiration (expiratory pressure-inspiratory pressure = 10 or more)

A

Paradoxixal pulse (pulsus paradoxus)

22
Q

what do you do if tamponade is suspected?

A

alert the physician!

23
Q

procedure done to remove fluid and relieve the pressure on the heart

A

pericardiocentesis

24
Q

a sensitivity response that develops after an upper respiratory tract infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (occurs in almost half of patients with rheumatic fever) inflammation is evident in all layers of the heart

A

rheumatic carditis

25
Q

small nodules in the myocardium that are replaced by scar tissue

A

Aschoff bodies

26
Q

S&S of rheumatic carditis:

A
  • Aschoff bodies
  • tachycardia
  • cardiomegaly
  • murmur or change in exisitng murmur
  • pericadial friction rub
  • precodial pain
  • ECG changes (prolonged PR)
  • indications of HF
  • evidence of existing streptococcal infection
27
Q

indications of streptococcal pharyngitis:

A
  • moderate to high fever
  • abrupt onset of a sore throat
  • reddened throat with exudate
  • enlarged and tender lymph nodes
28
Q

Treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis & rheumatic fever:

A
  • antibiotic (teach to take for full 10days)
  • manage fever (antipyretics &hydration)
  • prophylaxis for rest of life
29
Q

Treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis may include a _________

A

pericardectomy

Concepts NUR 4510 Exam #2 (3 decks)

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