Circulation key word glossary Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the surface area to volume ratio?
The surface area of an animal compared to the volume it takes up. Small organisms have a larger surface area to volume ratio, while larger organisms have a smaller surface area to volume ratio.
What does multicellular mean?
Composed of many cells - like animals and plants.
What does unicellular mean?
Composed of a single cell - like bacteria and protoctista.
What is the circulatory system?
This system consists of the heart and blood vessels which transport materials around the body.
What is the heart?
The muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.
What is cardiac muscle?
This muscle is able to beat independently of the brain.
What is adrenaline?
A hormone released from the adrenal glands that increases heart rate and causes dilation of arterioles supplying muscles and pupils to dilate.
What are arteries?
Blood vessels with a thick muscular wall and elastic tissue to withstand pressure, containing large volumes of collagen to prevent bursting.
What are capillaries?
Narrow vessels that are a single cell thick and contain pores to allow the easy diffusion of nutrients.
What are veins?
Large vessels with a large lumen that contains valves because it carries blood at low pressure.
What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?
When layers of fatty material (plaque) build up inside the coronary arteries and prevent oxygen and glucose from being supplied to the muscle tissue of the heart.
What is a heart attack?
When a blockage in the coronary arteries causes anaerobic respiration to start and lactic acid builds up in the muscle cell, potentially killing the heart muscle.
What is angina?
Severe chest pain caused by coronary heart disease.
What is the pulmonary artery and vein?
The artery and vein that transport blood to and from the lungs, respectively.
What is the hepatic artery and vein?
The artery and vein that transport blood to and from the liver, respectively.
What is the hepatic portal vein?
The vessel that connects the small intestines to the liver.
What is the renal artery and vein?
The artery and vein that transport blood to and from the kidney, respectively.
