Circulation & Respiration I

Question 1

The cardiovascular system consists of:

Answer 1

Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood

Question 2

what divides left and right halves of the heart?

Answer 2

septum

Question 3

What occurs in the heart?

Answer 3

pressure is generated that drives the circulation

Question 4

What are the blood vessels in the heart?

Answer 4

Arteries, Veins, and capillaries

Question 5

What does the artery do?

Answer 5

carries blood away from the heart

Question 6

What does the vein do?

Answer 6

carry blood towards the heart

Question 7

What do the capillaries do?

Answer 7

allow for the exchange of substances from the blood and the other cells of the body

Question 8

What does the blood contain?

Answer 8

cells and plasma

Question 9

What are the 2 materials entering the body in the transport in the cardiovascular system chart?

Answer 9

-Oxygen and nutrients and water.
-Oxygen from the lungs to all cells
-Nutrients and water moved from the intestinal tract to all cells

Question 10

The materials that are moved from cell to cell include what from the chart?

Answer 10

waste & immune cells, antibodies, clotting proteins & hormones & stored nutrients

Question 11

What is the flow of waste from the chart?

Answer 11

the substance waste transported to transported to the liver for processing processed for excretion of the body from some cells

Question 12

What is the flow of immune cells, antibodies, and clotting proteins in the chart?

Answer 12

transported to any available cells that need them from being continuously in the blood.

Question 13

What is the flow of hormones in the chart?

Answer 13

Transported target cells from the endocrine cells

Question 14

What is the flow of stored nutrients in the chart?

Answer 14

Transported to all cells from the liver and adipose tissue

Question 15

The materials leaving the body in the chart?

Answer 15

Metabolic waste, heat, and CO2

Question 16

The flow of metabolic waste leaving the body in the chart?

Answer 16

Transported to the kidneys from all cells

Question 17

The flow of heat leaving the body in the chart?

Answer 17

Transported to the skin from all cells

Question 18

The flow of CO2 leaving the body in the chart?

Answer 18

Transported to the lungs from all cells

Question 19

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 19

(pumped by the R side) allows gas exchange at the lungs

Question 20

Systemic Circuit

Answer 20

(pumped by the L side) distributes the oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 21

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 21

Right Atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium

Question 22

What is the blood flow in the 4 chambers?

Answer 22

Blood enters into the atria, leaves from the ventricles, even though both sides contract simultaneously there is no mixing of the blood!

Question 23

Systole:

Answer 23

contraction

Question 24

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 24

refers to the pattern of contraction and relaxation in different areas of the heart

Question 25

Diastole:

Answer 25

relaxation

Question 26

How can valves be replaced?

Answer 26

surgically with cadaver or artificial valves

Question 26

"Heart Murmurs"

Answer 26

causes by noisy valves; may be no big deal (usually) or indicative of a serious problem

Question 27

The Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 27

sets the pace of the heartbeat at ~70 bpm

Question 28

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 28

-routes the direction of electrical signals so the heart contracts from the apex (bottom) to the base (top) -slows down the electrical signal so stria fully contract before ventricles

Question 29

What is the AV also do in the heart?

Answer 29

can act as a pacemaker (50 bpm) if the SA node fails (known as junctional rhythm)

Question 30

Arrhythmias

Answer 30

problems with the heart rhythm

Question 31

Arrhythmias can be___?

Answer 31

Afib or Vfib

Question 32

what is fibrillation?

Answer 32

rapid and irregular contraction of the heart muscle

Question 33

Explain AFib?

Answer 33

can cause dizziness, fainting

Question 34

Explain VFib?

Answer 34

life-threatening emergency; can sometimes be corrected by shocking w/ a defibrillator

Question 35

what is heart block?

Answer 35

caused by disruption of electrical signals through the AV node; atria will follow the pattern set by the SA node but ventricles will set their own rhythm

Question 36

What is tachycardia?

Answer 36

overly rapid HR

Question 37

What is bradycardia?

Answer 37

too slow HR (may result from junctional rhythm)

Question 38

sometimes arrhythmias can be treated with what?

Answer 38

an artificial pacemaker, which may contain an internal defibrillator

Question 39

What can be transported to the cardiovascular system?

Answer 39

gases, antibodies, hormones, nutrients

Question 39

What tissues are considered part of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 39

Blood, the heart, arteries, and vein

Question 40

The _______ ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circuit, which sends blood to the ______.

Answer 40

Left, rest of the body

Question 41

What event OPENS the semilunar valve?

Answer 41

Ventricular systole

Question 42

The event that CLOSES the AV valve is what?

Answer 42

Ventricular systole

Question 43

The main pacemaker area of the heart is the:

Answer 43

SA node

Question 44

What would happen if the electrical signals radiated out from the AV node rather than being routed to the apex of the heart?

Answer 44

The ventricles would start squeezing from the top to the bottom

Question 45

What would happen if the AV node failed to delay the transmission of signals from the SA node?

Answer 45

The atria & ventricles would contract at the same time