Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

circulatory and immunity > circulatory > Flashcards

circulatory Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the distance of blood vessels that the body has? what is their function

A

96,000km
- they transport blood to each cell in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how much blood volume is pumped every minute

A

your entire blood volume (about 5L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what functions does the circulatory system perform 5

A
  1. carries o2 and nutrients to cells
  2. carries co2 and waste AWAY from cells
  3. carries hormones to target organs
  4. distributes heat throughout the body
  5. helps defend off invading micro-organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

label the heart and state their functions

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

draw the diagram for pulmonary and systemic system. label each part and draw where areas are highest/high/low/lowest

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many parallel pumps does the heart haev

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PULMONary circulation

A

the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation (pulmonary artery), in which the blood then goes back to the heart (pulmonary vein).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

systemic circulation

A

left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body (aorta), circulated blood to the body tissues, and brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart (inferior/superior vena cava)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

coronary circulation

A

the circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

coronary arteries function

A

supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cardiac veins function

A

drain away the blood once it has been deoxygenated (coronary circulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

atria

A

top chamber of the heart that contracts to push blood into the bottom ventricular chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

the tricuspid (right) and bicuspid/mitral (left) valves separate the atria from the ventricles on the right and left sides, respectively. The valves ensure a one-way flow of blood within the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chordal tendineae

A

tendons that hold valves in place in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pulmonary arteries/veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood TO lungs (artery) and oxygenated blood FROM lungs (veins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

semilunar valves

A

prevents blood from flowing backward from the pulmonary artery/vein into the ventricles. They are the pulmonary and aortic valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

septum

A

muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein that carries blood from the upper body (superior) and lower body (inferior) back to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ventricles

A

large and muscular chambers that pump blood to the lungs (right side) or the body (left side).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which side of the heart is thicker and why

A

the left side because it pumps blood further to the body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

blood flows in one direction through the heart. what parts does it go through in order

A
  1. superior/inferior vena cava
  2. right atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary artery
  5. lungs
  6. pulmonary veins
  7. left atrium
  8. left ventricle
  9. aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

blood vessels: veins vs arteries

A

veins: lack of o2
arteries: o2 rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

arteries 6

A
  • carry blood AWAY from the heart.
  • have thick walls
  • carry blood under HIGH PRESSURE
  • a muscular tube lined by SMOOTH TISSUE
  • MUSCLES allow for arteries to handle the high pressure from the heart.
  • pulses can be felt in the artery.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
arterioles
are smaller arteries that control blood flow to different parts of the body
26
vasoconstriction vs vasodialation
vasoconstriction- the NARROWING of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow to the tissues vasodialation- widening/relaxation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the tissues
27
capillaries 2
- tiny blood vessels composed of a SINGLE LAYER of cells - this is the site of fluid and gas exchange between the cells and body tissues
28
what is the state of pressure in the capillaries and what does this affect
the pressure is high in the capillaries and this increases the risk of rupturing and causing a bruise
29
draw capillary diagram with exchange of gases and stuff
a
30
venules 2
larger blood vessels that form as capillaries merge - they are lined with SMOOTH MUSCLE to ensure blood continues to flow back towards the heart
31
veins 2
- larger blood vessels that result as venules merge - take blood back toward the heart
32
state of pressure within veins and the result
they have quite low blood pressure so they have uni-directional valves to ensure the one way flow of blood.
33
skeletal muscles and venous flow (veins)
- skeletal muscles help aid in venous flow - venous pressure is increased when skeletal muscles contract and push on the vein, forcing blood upwards.
34
label blood vessels- veins and arteries
a
35
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - function
arteries- transport blood from heart to all organs vein- transport blood from organs to heart capillaries- allows exchange of substances
36
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - wall thickness
artery- thickest vein- thinner capillary- thinnest- 1 cell thick
37
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - do the walls contain elastic fibers
artery- yes vein- less capillary- no
38
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - how wide are the blood vessels
artery- narrow vein- widest capillary- narrowest
39
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - - valves?
artery- no veins- yes capillary- no
40
comparing blood vessels: artery, vein, capillary - blood pressure
artery- highest vein- lowest capillary- lower
41
aneurysm
a bulge or weakening in the wall of a blood vessel
42
atherosclerosis
degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits (plaque) in the inner wall
43
bruising
rupture of capillary beds cause extra blood to leak into the extra-cellular space
44
varicose veins
damage to the one-way valves in the veins causes blood to pool and the veins to buldge
45
which blood vessel serves as blood reservoir
vein
46
blood path regarding veins/arteries in heart and blood vessels
heart: - pulmonary artery (o2 lacking) to pulmonary vein (o2 rich) blood: - artery (o2 rich) to vein (o2 lacking)
47
function of the heart electrical system
your heart is made of tiny cells. your heart's electrical system controls the timing of your heartbreak by sending an electrical signal through these cells
48
myogenic muscle
the heart muscle is unique because it is a myogenic muscle, meaning it is able to contract without external nerve stimulation
49
sinoatrial (SA) node
a bundle of specialized tissue that stimulates the muscle cells to contract and relax rhythmically.
50
atrioventricular (AV) node
transmits the electrical signal through a bundle of His fibers (going down septum). they then transmit the signal to the purkinje fibers
51
purkinje fibers
initiate the almost-simultaneous contraction of all cells of the ventricles.
52
heart beat process (diagram if needed)
SA node > AV node where signal is delayed > bundle of His > Purkinje fibers 1. blood coming from vena cava and pulmonary veins. in atria. SA node is located in top left of right atrium. Atrial excitation begins, atria contract 2. blood coming down the ventricles and signal comes from SA to AV node. Impulse is delayed at AV node, ventricles fill. 3. blood stays in ventricles, signal comes from SA to AV to Bundle of His. Ventricular excitation in heart apex. Bicuspid and tricuspid valves close. First half of R wave/Q wave. "LUB" SOUND IS MADE 4. second half of R wave/S wave. Signal comes down to purkinje fibers. Blood flows from ventricular to pulmonary artery/aorta. Ventricular excitation complete. 5. Ventricular relaxation. Semilunar valves close. blood is in aorta/pulmonary artery
53
what is electrocardiogram (ECG)
shows the electrical conductivity of the heart and is used to identify and diagnose heart conditions
54
blood pressure
- it is the force of the blood on the walls of your arteries
55
how is blood pressure determined
determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your ARTERIES. The more blood ur heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure
56
what is the normal blood pressure? what does it mean
normal pressure is 120/80, meaning the SYSTOLIC pressure (during CONTRACTION of ventricles) is 120mm Hg while the DIASTOLIC pressure (RELAXATION of ventricles) is 80mm Hg
57
lubb dubb sound of the heartbeat explained
- the sound is caused by the closing of heart valves - lubb sound id when the AV close and the dubb is when the semilunar valves close.
58
what is the state of the valves when atria/ventricles are systolic/diastolic
atria- systolic ventricle- diastolic valve- AV valve closed "lubb" atria- diastolic ventricle- systolic valve- SL valve closed "Dubb" atria- diastolic ventricle- diastolic valve- both closed
59
valves regarding systolic/diastolic
diastole- (filling) when AV valves are opened and blood fills from the atria to the ventricle systole- (pumping) when AV valves are closed and SL valves are opening and blood is pumped from ventricles to the pulmonary vein/aorta due to ventricle pumping and contracting
60
heart murmur (lubb-dubb-squish)
occurs when the heart valves aer fault and don't close completely. Blood rushes from the ventricle back into the atrium which creates a squish sound that is heard as a murmur
61
cardiac output
is the amount of blood that flows out of the heart each minute. output can be influenced by stroke volume and heart rate
62
stroke volume
is the volume of blood pumped with each beat of the heart. on average, the stoke volume is about 70ml/beat
63
heart rate
the number of beats per minute of the heart
64
cardiac output equation
cardiac output= stroke vol * heart rate
65
cardiovascular fitness
exercise, age, and diet can change your cardiovascular fitness - a low resting heart rate is considered good as it means the stoke vol is high
66
what does a low heart rate imply
its considered good because stoke vol is high
67
how is blood pressure measured
measured by baroreceptors (stretch receptors) in the aortic ac or carotid artery
68
what does higher blood volume mean regarding pressure? (cardiac output)
high blood vol = higher pressure - can be influenced by fluid retention (like water)
69
what does higher heart rate mean regarding blood pressure? (cardiac output)
higher heart rate = higher blood pressure
70
arteriolar resistance (blood vessel size)
the diameter of the arteries will determine the pressure within them. vasoconstriction will cause greater BP while vasodilation decreases it
71
what is a sphygmomanometer
a blood pressure cuff. measures blood pressure
72
vasoconstriction
the narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing flow to the tissues - causes an increase of blood pressure and can help retain heat in the body
73
vasodilation
the widening/relaxation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the tissues, which can cause a decrease in blood pressure - it can help to lose heat from the body when you're warm
74
hypertension 3
blood pressure higher than normal. - your blood pressure changes throughout the day based on your activities. - having blood pressure measures consistently above normal may result in a diagnosis of high blood pressure
75
hypertension risk factors 4
- obesity - drinking too much alcohol - smoking - family history
76
common treatment for hypertension
beta-blockers
77
hypotension
a blood pressure reading lower than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) for the top number (systolic) or 60mm Hg for the bottom number (diastolic) - can be life threatening in severe cases
78
hypotension can be caused by... (4)
- dehydration - hormonal problems - blood loss - infections

circulatory and immunity (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions